Meram tıp fakültesi sigara bırakma polikliniğine başvuranların sigara bırakma durumu ve bunu etkileyen faktörlerin değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; Sigara Bırakma Polikliniği’ne başvuran hastalarda tedavi sonuçlarını ve bunları etkileyen faktörleri değerlendirmek, sigara bırakma sürecinde karşılaştıkları kolaylaştırıcı ve zorlaştırıcı faktörleri belirlemek ve sigarayı bırakamama nedenlerini araştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve yöntem: Retrospektif dosya taraması olarak planlanan bu çalışmanın evrenini Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi Aile Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı Sigara Bırakma Polikliniği’ne 01.01.2017-30.12.2019 tarihleri arasında başvuran ve çalışmaya alınma kriterlerini karşılayan hastalar oluşturdu. Araştırma kapsamında 01.02.2020- 01.08.2020 tarihleri arasında yukarıda belirtilen tarih aralığında başvuran hastaların dosyaları incelenerek sosyodemografik özellikleri, sigara tüketimi, Fagerström bağımlılık düzeyleri, CO sonuçları kaydedildi. Dosyada kayıtlı telefon numaraları aranıp şu anki sigara içme durumları soruldu. Görüşme sonunda katılımcılar; sigarayı bırakanlar, bırakıp yeniden başlayanlar ve bırakamayanlar olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. Sigarayı en az 6 aydır kullanmayan katılımcılar sigarayı bırakanlar grubuna dahil edildiler. Görüşme sırasında sigara bırakma sürecini kolaylaştıran ve zorlaştıran faktörler sorgulandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilen 957 katılımcının yaş ortalaması 38,4±12,1 (18-75) yıl idi. Katılımcıların %26,4’ünün (n=253) tedavi sonrası sigarayı bıraktığı, %18,6’sının (n=178) bırakmadığı, %55’inin (n=526) bırakıp tekrar başladığı tespit edildi. Katılımcıların sigara bırakma durumu ile yaş ortalaması, Fagerström bağımlılık skoru, karbon monoksit düzeyi ve sigara tüketimi (paket/yıl) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulundu (p<0,001). Cinsiyet, medeni durum, tanı alan hastalık varlığı, alkol bağımlılığı, depresyon varlığı, verilen tedavi şekli ve ilaç yan etkilerinin sigara bırakma durumunu etkilemediği saptandı (p>0,05).

Aim: In this study; it was aimed to evaluate the treatment results and the factors affecting them in patients who applied to the Smoking Cessation Polyclinic, to determine the facilitating and complicating factors they encountered during the smoking cessation process and to investigate the reasons for not being able to quit smoking. Materials and methods: The universe of this study which is planned as a retrospective file scanning consists of the patients who applied to the Smoking Cessation Polyclinic of Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Faculty of Medicine Department of Family Medicine between 01.01.2017-30.12.2019 and met the inclusion criteria. Within the scope of the research, the files of the patients who applied between 01.02.2020-01.08.2020 between the dates mentioned above were examined and their sociodemographic characteristics, cigarette consumption, Fagerström addiction levels, CO results were recorded. The phone numbers recorded in the file were called and their current smoking status was asked. At the end of the meeting the participants were separated into three groups as those; who quit smoking, those who quit and restart, and those who could not. Participants who have not smoked for at least six months were included in the group of quitters. Factors that are facilitating and complicating the smoking cessation process were questioned during the interview. Results: The mean age of 957 participants included in the study was 38.44±12.1 (18-75) years. It was found that 26.4% of the participants (n=253) quit smoking after treatment, 18.6% (n=178) did not quit, and 55% (n=526) quit and started again. Statistically significant relationship was found between the smoking cessation status of the participants and mean age, Fagerström addiction score, carbon monoxide level and cigarette consumption (pack/year) (p<0.001). It was found that gender, marital status, presence of a diagnosed disease, alcohol vii dependence, presence of depression, treatment type and drug side effects did not affect smoking cessation status (p>0.05). Among the participants; smoking cessation success was found to be significantly higher in those who are 50 years and older (p=0,004), in high school and above educated (p=0.040), those who did not work (p<0.001), those who tried to quit smoking once (p=0.032), those who Fagerström addiction test level 0-4 (less dependent) (p=0.016), those who smoke their first cigarette in the morning after one hour of waking up (p=0.005), 1-10 smokers per day (p=0.002), those who received free treatment (p=0.007) and those who follow a three-month treatment program (p<0.001). Participants stated that the most common drug side effects were nausea and gastrointestinal findings. Those who quit smoking and started again 39.4% (n=207) stated that they restarted smoking within 0-1 months and 35.7% (n=188) stated that they could not quit smoking due to stress. Participants' 40.9% stated that the factor that made the process the most difficult was the prevention of smoking desire. Statistically significant relationship was found between smoking cessation status and methods of preventing smoking desire (p<0.001). It was determined that 52.6% (n=72) of those who prevented their smoking desire by drinking water quit smoking. In this study 32% (n=81) of those who quit smoking stated that the most positive effect of quitting was to be able to breathe easier. Conclusion: This study shows that the most important factors affecting the smoking cessation process are adaptation to the three-month treatment program, the presence of motivation, and the correct application of methods to prevent the desire to smoke. We believe that more emphasis on motivational interviews, treatment compliance, and behavioral therapy in patients who apply to smoking cessation polyclinics will increase the success of smoking cessation