Muaraza in Modern Arab Literature: Example of Ahmed Shawqi-Hashim al Rifai

Ahmed Shawqi is a strong writer who used the classical style of Arabic literature in his poems. He influenced many poets. One of them being Hashim al-Rafai Hashim, who started writing poetry at an early age, left a mark on poetry divan, and made muarazas to some of his poems. In this study the poems of Nahc al-Burda, Mawlid al-Nur and al-Azhar, which are one of the divan literature of Hashim, are examined. These three poems are being discussed in terms of naming, letter of rhyme, rhyme, centroid, content and number of couplets. In addition, this study captures a comparison with of Ahmed Shawqi's poems, furthermore the effect of Shawqi's poems on Hashim's poems are determined. By examining the 20th century examples of the art of muaraza that has existed since the Jahiliyya Period, the effect of the form and content used by a poet in his poetry, come to light on the literal works of other poets.