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Öğe Evaluation of the Sheffield score, clinical characteristics, and the therapeutic approach in children with upper gastrointestinal system bleeding(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Yucel, A.OBJECTIVE: Unlike adults, there is no valid and reliable scoring system for upper gastrointestinal system bleeding (UGB) in children. The Sheffield scoring system, which is awaiting confirmation, is the single scoring system which can be predictive for children who require high-risk, endoscopic therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the Sheffield scoring system, the clinical characteristics of patients, and the treatments applied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Evaluation was made of a total of 86 children with UGB who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and for whom the Sheffield score was calculated. The decision for therapeutic intervention was made according to the clinical status independently of the score. The demographic data of the patients, clinical symptoms and findings, risk factors, and treatments were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: The Sheffield score was calculated as >8 in 67.4% of the patients and > 8 in 32.6%. Endoscopic hemostatic intervention was applied to 15.1% of the patients. The rate of therapeutic endoscopy was significantly high in the high-score group. In 11 patients with Sheffield score >8, the bleeding was brought under control with octreotide treatment administered before endoscopy and no invasive intervention was applied. The sensitivity and specificity of the Sheffield score were determined to be at a good level in the prediction of the requirement for therapeutic endoscopy and octreotide treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The Sheffield score can reliably predict the need for endoscopic treatment with high sensitivity and specificity. In children with a high score, the need for an invasive intervention can be reduced with the administration of vasoactive treatment before esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The Sheffield score can thus be of guidance in the determination of the need for vasoactive treatment.Öğe The effect of a comprehensive support program on the stress level of mothers in a neonatal intensive care unit(Tehran Univ Medical Sciences, 2022) Goral, Esra; Geckil, EmineBackground & Aim: Parents of neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit may experience a high level of stress. Although many approaches were applied to reduce stress, little is known about the effect of a comprehensive support program. This study aims to investigate the effect of a comprehensive supportive program on maternal stress levels in a NICU. Methods & Materials: This is a quasi-experimental study that lasted for about eleven months, 62 mothers whose premature neonates were hospitalized in a NICU in Edirne, Turkey, were selected and assigned into intervention and control groups non-randomly. A comprehensive support program was applied for the mothers in the intervention group, whereas the mothers in the control group received the standard routine care. Data were collected using the Parental Information Form, Newborn Information Form, and Parent Stress Scale in NICU and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The maternal stress level of the mothers in the intervention group (mean=2.95 +/-.72) was found significantly lower than the control group (mean=3.74 +/-.82) (p=001) in the post-test. Similarly, the average scores obtained by the mothers in the intervention group in the Parent Stress Scale's subcategories of images and sounds, neonates' appearance, and change in parental roles were also found to be significantly lower than that obtained by the mother's in the control group (p=001). Conclusion: A comprehensive support program is significantly effective in reducing maternal stress levels. So, it is highly recommended that nurses use these comprehensive approaches in practice and especially support mothers by facilitating interaction between parents experiencing similar problems.Öğe Dental Fluorosis Cases in Turkey(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2023) Derin, Perihan; Yazici-Karabulut, Benan; Demir-Yetis, Aysegul; Karabulut, Abdullah Izzeddin; Atasoy, Ayse Dilek; Yesilnacar, Mehmet Irfan; Bayhan, Ibrahim[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe AN OVERVIEW OF TRADITIONAL HEATING, VENTILATION, AND ILLUMINATION TECHNOLOGIES IN HISTORIC BATHS AND THEIR CONTEMPORARY INSPIRATIONS(College Publishing, 2023) Disli, Gulsen; Atan, IsmailPassive heating, lighting, and ventilation techniques in historic buildings and their sustainability in conjunction with new designs are essential to maintaining a greener, ecological environment. This article describes a framework for identifying and dis-closing the passive survival strategies and resulting solutions applied to historic baths in Anatolia. The aim is to first increase knowledge and awareness of ancient systems and to discuss and examine their contemporary inspirations and considerations of existing and new construction technologies. A total of four baths from the Roman, Byzantine, Principalities and Ottoman periods in Anatolia were selected. Their original heating, lighting, and ventilation systems were determined largely through on-site observations, literature review, and archival sources. The results indicate that in today's modern residential, industrial or commercial buildings, reflections of these ancient technologies and traditional concepts can be observed as the main source of inspiration. They can be seen either in the form of light pipes, underfloor heating systems, or a double-skin facade. The old technologies and solutions of historic baths are mostly sustainable and ecological. Looking back at these historic technologies can inspire further ecological design developments and symbiotic implementation possibilities in new building designs.Öğe BLENDED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS(Anadolu Univ, 2023) Hebebci, Mustafa Tevfik; Ozer, NilayThis research aims to analyze the past literature on blended learning in higher education and investigate the research trends on this subject. Thus, it aims to present a roadmap for future studies. In this context, bibliometric and descriptive analysis methods were used in the study carried out with the descriptive survey model. 1970 studies were accessed using the Web of Science (WoS) database to reach the data within the scope of the research. As a result of the filtering process on the database, the distribution of the relevant publications by year, document type, publication language, country and WoS indexes, the most influential institutions and research, cooperation between institutions and countries, the most cited authors, and the most studied topics were reviewed. According to the research results, the studies on blended learning in higher education were primarily published in the form of articles in English between the years 2002-2021. It is also deduced that Spain stands out, especially in producing publications, and these studies are generally published in the Conference Proceedings Citation Index - Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) index type. The most active journal with high citation density is Computers & Education, and the country that collaborates most is England. Regarding the keywords used in the articles, while the concepts of online learning, higher education, and student participation are prominent in the studies conducted in the first years, the concepts such as flipped classrooms, Edmodo, sustainability, gamification, mobile learning, and emotions came to the fore in the following years. In this context, discussions were conducted within the framework of the literature, and suggestions were made related to the findings obtained.Öğe Evaluating the effect of tumor size and sidedness on prognosis in stage 2 colon cancer: a retrospective population study(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Demir, H.; Caglayan, D.; Kaman, O.; Inanc, M.; Urvay, S.; Beypinar, I; Demirci, A.OBJECTIVE: In this study. we aimed to evaluate the effect of tumor size and tumor sidedness on prognosis in patients with stage 2 colon cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 501 patients diagnosed with stage 2 colon cancer were evaluated retrospectively. It was evaluated whether the patients' age, gender, tumor differentiation, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, overall survival rate, and disease-free survival rate had any correlation with horizontal tumor diameter and tumor sidedness. In the ROC analysis performed to determine the cut-off value for the tumor diameter, which we think will predict survival, no significant results were obtained with maximum sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the median value of the tumor diameter, which is 5 cm, was accepted as the cut-off value. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used for survival analysis and determination of prognostic factors. RESULTS: When the patients were evaluated in terms of tumor localization, 189 (37.7%) patients had right colon tumors and 312 (62.3%) patients had left colon tumors. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival according to tumor localization. When the patients were analyzed by dividing them into two groups according to the horizontal tumor size (<5 cm and >= 5 cm), no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) p=0.085, p=0.699, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the management of patients with stage 2 colon cancer requires a better understanding of tumor biology rather than features such as tumor size and localization.Öğe Multidisciplinary treatment and functional outcome evaluation of combined injuries of nerves, vessels, and flexor tendons: spaghetti wrist(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Atilgan, N.; Duman, N.; Colak, T. S.; Korucu, I. H.; Demiryurek, M.OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified Kessler technique in managing spaghetti wrist lacerations by multidisciplinary treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who were operated and followed up with the diagnosis of spaghetti wrist tears in our clinic between January 2012 and December 2020 were included in the study. In the postoperative follow-ups, the parameters evaluating the functionality of the patients were examined. RESULTS: Patients were 105 male (86.7%) and 16 women (13.2%), with a mean age of 36.83 & PLUSMN; 16.38 years. At the final follow-up, functional outcomes were assessed. The most common injury mechanism was glass-related injuries (35.5%). The mean starting surgery time of the patients was 4.64 & PLUSMN;2.98 hours. The most frequently involved structures were the palmaris longus with a rate of 51% and the flexor digitorum superficialis with a rate of 45%. There were significant differences regarding intrinsic function and grip strength between male and female patients (p = 0.04, p = 0.21, respectively). There were significant differences regarding sensation and grip strength between smoker and nonsmoker patients (p = 0.03, p = 0.01, respectively). The number of the damaged structures was negatively correlated with postsurgical functional outcomes of four tests, including tendon function, opposition, intrinsic function, and grip strength. The physical therapy period was correlated to hand function tests (r = 0.756, p < 0.05). Nerve damage was negatively correlated with sensation (p = 0.011, r =-0.932). CONCLUSIONS: The modified Kessler technique is reliable with functional outcomes for spaghetti wrist injuries involving tendons, nerves, and arteries. Meticulous and early surgical treatment within the first 8 hours of spaghetti wrist injury and early initiation and long-term physical therapy are vital in patients' functional outcomes.Öğe Comparison of the results of percutaneous and open screw fixation in the treatment of scaphoid nonunion fractures(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Atilgan, N.; Duman, N.; Colak, T. S.; Korucu, I. H.; Demiryurek, M.; Yilmaz, M.OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to compare the clinical results of percutaneous screw fixation and non-vascularized bone graft-ing with open screw fixation in patients who did not achieve union due to failure in diagnosis and treatment after a scaphoid fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-three pa-tients with scaphoid nonunion fractures cor-responding to the first three Slade and Dodds classification were divided into two groups. Non-vascularized bone grafting with open re-duction and internal fixation (ORIF) was applied to 24 patients in the first group, and 19 patients in the second group were treated with a closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) (percu-taneous screw fixation). The patients were fol-lowed up for preoperative and postoperative functional scores and time to union.RESULTS: Our study found that the scaphoid was most commonly fractured in the waist of the scaphoid. In our study, we found that distal scaphoid fractures had the highest union rate (100%), followed by the waist fractures (93.2%) and the weakest union (50%) in the proximal pole fractures. We observed that the fastest union had occurred in the fractures of the waist. We also ob-served that the union was completed earlier in patients who operated with ORIF than those with CRIF. We found union in 87.5% of patients who underwent ORIF, in 84.2% of patients who under-went CRIF. CRIF operation duration was short-er than expected from ORIF operation duration.CONCLUSIONS: We found that similar union rates could be achieved in the patient groups who underwent percutaneous and open screw fixation by selecting the appropriate patient in scaphoid nonunion fractures. Union was faster and functional results were more satisfactory in the ORIF group. The operation time was shorter in the CRIF group.Öğe Evaluation of personalized methylprednisolone therapy in critically ill COVID-19 patients: an observational comparative study using real-life data(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Duman, I; Celik, J. B.; Iyisoy, M. S.; Degirmencioglu, S.; Korkmaz, A.; Duman, A.OBJECTIVE: Methylprednisolone is commonly used to attenuate the cytokine storm and prevent mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia. However, the optimal methylprednisolone dose and duration are unclear. Additional data are required on the effectiveness of methylprednisolone in reducing mortality in COVID-19. This real-life retrospective study aimed to analyze the data of a COVID-19 dedicated ICU and compare the mortality rates of standard care, low-dose, and pulse-dose met hylprednisolone in patients requiring mechanical ventilatory support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Methylprednisolone's indication. dose. and duration were determined according to the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia based on the patient's demographic parameters, comorbidities. laboratory data. radiology, and arterial blood gas analysis results. 867 patients were grouped as: no methylprednisolone (standard care), low-dose (0.5-1 mg/kg/day) methylprednisolone or pulse-dose (250-1,000 mg/day) met hylprednisolone. RESULTS: The overall mortality rate was 63.78%. Adjusting the dose of methylprednisolone according to the severity of the disease resulted in statistically similar mortality rates despite the increase in disease severity. Mortality was 62.71% in standard treatment. 65.76% in low-dose, and 62.10% in pulse-dose methylprednisolone groups (p = 0.633). Invasive mechanical ventilation at admission was associated with increased mortality (HR: 1.826 [95% CI: 1.542-2.161]; p < 0.001). Hematologic disorders and malignancies, arterial blood pH and HCO3, neutrophil count, and NLR at admission were also associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Personalizing the dose and duration of methylprednisolone according to the patient's disease severity assessed with demographic, clinical, and laboratory results may benefit mortality in severe COVID-19 patients receiving ventilatory support in the ICU. Hematologic disorders and malignancies, arterial blood pH and HCO3, neutrophil count, and NLR at admission were associated with mortality in our patient cohort.Öğe The effect of globalization, income and tourism on environment: An empirical analysis(Varna Univ Management-Vum, 2022) Ozcan, Ceyhun Can; Gerceker, Mustafa; Ozmen, Ibrahim; Mucuk, MehmetThis study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on the environment in top 10 destinations that attract the most tourists, using panel unit root, panel cointegration, and panel cointegration estimators for the period between 1995 and 2014. Panel cointegration test results show that the series moves together in the long run. According to the long-run panel estimator results, an increase in real income negatively affects the environment in China, France, Spain, Thailand, and the UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Germany, Italy, the UK, and the United States. Globalization reduces environmental degradation in France and the UK. The short-run panel estimator shows that an increase in real income in all countries, except China, increases environmental degradation. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Mexico and increases it in Spain. Finally, globalization contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation in Italy.Öğe Investigating possible effects of aryl hydrocarbon receptor G1661A polymorphism on asthma severity in adults(Natl Inst Science Communication-Niscair, 2022) Aftabi, Younes; Amiri-Sadeghan, Amir; Gilani, Neda; Bakhtiyari, Nasim; Ansarin, Atefeh; Sharifi, Akbar; Ansarin, KhalilAryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor with an important role in lung health. The association of AhR polymorphisms with asthma severity has not been yet investigated. We analyzed the association of G1661A, the most prevalent polymorphism of AhR, with the asthma stages in a population-based study including 555 asthmatics (Intermittent: 93, Mild: 240, Moderate: 158, and Severe: 64). The SNP was genotyped using allele-specific PCR. Obtained data were analyzed using the Generalized-Ordered Logit Estimates. Genotypes GA (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.32-0.90, P=0.019) and AA (OR: 0.22, CI: 0.06-0.76, P=0.017) were associated with decreased risk of Severe, Moderate, Mild vs. Intenaittent stage; and Severe, Moderate, vs. Mild, Intermittent stages respectively. However, Genotype GA (OR: 1.90, CI: 1.05-3.44, P=0.033), dominant model GA+AA (OR: 2.04, CI: 1.17-3.57, P=0.012), and allele A (OR: 1.68, CI: 1.06-2.66, P=0.027) were associated with increased risk of Severe stage vs. Moderate, Mild, Intermittent stages. Also, male sex and higher age were associated with an increased odds ratio for severe asthma. Furthermore, significant associations with asthma stages were found for the interactions of the SNP and sex, smoking, and alcohol consumption. In conclusion, we revealed that the mutant allele of AhR-G1661A may interact with independent variables and act as a protective factor against lower stages of asthma but it may increase the risk of severe asthma.Öğe A novel rapid and accurate method for detecting Helicobacter Pylori: the modified antigen test(Verduci Publisher, 2022) Keskin, M.; Yavuz, A.OBJECTIVE: We aim to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the gastric biopsy Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigen stool test as a novel method for detecting H. pylori, comparing this test with the histopathological evaluation of H. pylori and H. pylori antigen stool test as the reference standards. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involves patients who are scheduled for an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastric biopsies were endoscopically obtained from all patients, and H. pylori antigen stool tests were performed for all patients. Results from the gastric biopsies that were studied using the H. pylori antigen stool test in terms of the novel method were obtained and recorded. The inter-rater agreement between the H. pylori tests in determining positive and negative results was investigated using Fleiss' and Cohen's kappa tests. The capacity of applied tests in predicting the presence of H. pylori was analyzed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients were studied (32 females and 23 males). The strongest coherence was obtained between the gastric biopsy test and histopathological evaluation with a kappa value of 0.664 in Cohen's kappa analysis of overall coherence between tests. The most accurate sensitivity and specificity values were obtained for the gastric biopsy test and histopathological evaluation cross-tabulation for both overall comparisons at 90.5% sensitivity and 79.4% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: With this new, rapid, and easy-to-apply method, patients' endoscopies and gastric biopsies looking for the presence of H. pylori would be determined with more sensitive and more specific accuracy rates than current antigen stool tests, and H. pylori can be eradicated immediately without waiting for the histopathological evaluation period.Öğe Combined use of some natural antioxidants in sunflower oil(Innovhub Ssi-Area Ssog, 2022) Bozyokus, Betul; Arslan, DeryaCombined use of antioxidants is highly effective in preventing oxidation. In this study, combined effects of ethanolic extracts of turmeric (T) and potato peel (PP), a- tocopherol (a), ss- carotene (ss), ascorbyl palmitate (AP), citric acid (C) and lecithin (L) were evaluated in sunflower oil. The antioxidant activities of these substances were evaluated individually and with binary and ternary combinations with different concentrations. The combined effect of AP (1000 ppm) and T (5000 ppm) was strong when all oxidative evaluation analysis were considered: lowering peroxide value by 3.5-fold, almost doubling the induction time and having the highest protection factor percentage (94.95%). AP in blends was found efficient in terms of protecting sunflower oil against oxidation and was not present in non-efficient mixtures. L followed it regarding efficiency. In the mixtures consisted of AP-,L-PP (83.7% protection factor (PF)) and AP-L-T (19.6% PF), namely in the presence of identical concentrations of PP and T, superior PF for the mixture containing PP was determined, which was thought to be based on the higher hydrophilicity of PP. C and a in mixtures were not effective enough to retard the oxidation. Combinations of PP-L-ss (-23.8%) and T-L-a (-19.5%) showed negative relationships. The results also demonstrated concentration-dependency of the antioxidants in terms of antioxidant efficiency. Our findings about the efficient interactions between different natural compounds could provide information to develop natural plant-based antioxidant mixtures with greater effectiveness than their single use in retarding oil oxidation.Öğe WHAT IS NEW ABOUT THE PPP THEORY IN THE NORDIC COUNTRIES? EVIDENCE FROM PANEL UNIT ROOT TESTS WITH SHARP BREAKS AND GRADUAL SHIFTS(Inst Economic Forecasting, 2022) Dinc, Mehmet; Gomleksiz, Mustafa; Dinc, Ozlem GulThe Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) theory simply refers to a rate of exchange that eliminates price level differences between countries, equalizing the purchasing power of different currencies. The theory provides some essential tools in determining exchange rates and equilibrium conditions. This study investigates the long run validity of the PPP in five Nordic countries over the monthly data in the 1976-2019 period. We use a panel LM unit root test to detect sharp breaks as well as a novel method based on the Fourier approximation taking into account gradual shifts in the real exchange rates. Firstly, despite the past evidence, results of the panel unit root test with sharp break are mostly consistent with the PPP relationship in the group of Nordic countries. Secondly, we obtain mixed results from the Fourier panel stationarity test based on the number of frequencies, implying notable evidence for the PPP in the whole and pre-Euro periods. Taking together results of the two tests, it is possible to conclude that an empirical approach which captures the nature of structural change in price adjustments is more preferable as compared to conventional tests.Öğe Optical and organic vapor properties of Calix[4]arene based macrocyclic Langmuir-Blodgett thin films(Natl Inst Optoelectronics, 2021) Acikbas, Y.; Zeybeka, N.; Ozkaya, C.; Sirit, A.; Erdogan, M.; Capan, R.; Bozkurt, S.Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) optical chemical sensors based on 25,27-Bis(N-[[(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-[[(1R)-1-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]amino]propyl]asetamide))-26,28-dihydroxy-5,11,17,23-tetra(tert-butyl)calix[4]arene (NHDACx) films were fabricated to sense dichloromethane, acetone, and benzene at room temperature. Calix[4]arene based macrocyclic thin films, as gas sensing film, were fabricated by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) thin film technique with different thicknesses, and characterized by SPR and UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The experimental SPR data were fitted using the Winspall software to evaluate optical properties of the NHDACx film such as the parameter of thickness and refractive index. Values of the thickness and refractive index of NHDACx LB films were determined as 1.29 +/- 0.06 nm for the thickness per monolayer, and 1.54 +/- 0.07 for the refractive index. Exposed to above mentioned organic vapors, the responses of the optical sensors, Delta I, were measured. Optical sensor with 7.9 nm NHDACx film shows higher response to the saturated concentration of all vapors than the others, due to the amount of the adsorbed vapor molecules onto the surface of NHDACx film. Sensing mechanisms are based on changing photodetector response and optical properties of the gas sensing element. As a result, NHDACx optical LB thin film sensors exhibits high response, a good sensitivity and selectivity for saturated dichloromethane vapor than other vapors. These optical thin film sensors were potential candidates for organic vapor sensing applications with simple and low cost preparation at room temperature.Öğe Assessment of Outcomes After Limberg Flap Reconstruction for Scrotal Defects in Patients With Fournier's Gangrene(H M P Communications, 2021) Dadaci, Mehmet; Yildirim, Mehmet Emin Cem; Yarar, Serhat; Ince, BilsevBackground. Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rarely encountered necrotizing fasciitis principally affecting skin and subcutaneous tissues of the genital region, perineum, and abdominal wall. The overall incidence of FG is 1.6 cases per 100 000 per year; the incidence in males is higher. Management techniques described in the literature have both advantages and disadvantages, and there is no gold standard treatment technique. Objective. This study evaluated whether the Limberg flap can be used reliably in scrotal defects with fewer complications than are seen with traditional techniques. The results of unilateral or bilateral Limberg flaps for scrotal reconstruction after FG were assessed. Materials and Methods. This retrospective, single-center study analyzed records from 29 male patients with scrotal defects after multiple debridements who were treated from January 2013 to January 2018. Twenty-one patients (72.4%) with hemiscrotal defects and 8 patients (27.6%) with defects involving greater than 50% of the scrotal surface were included in this study. Demographic data that were analyzed included smoking history, comorbid conditions, time of surgery, and time of follow-up. Flap dimensions were measured. Patients were evaluated in terms of flap viability and postoperative complications. Results. Mean age was 64 years (range, 47-80 years). The mean follow-up period was 16 months (range, 12-26 months). Dehiscence with seroma were detected in 4 patients (13.7%) on postoperative days 4 and 5. The average size of the flaps was 11 cm x 15 cm. Seroma and dehiscence were encountered in 4 patients (13.7%) during postoperative follow-ups. No postoperative infection was observed in any patient, and no partial or total flap loss was reported. Conclusions. These results suggest that use of the Limberg flap technique for scrotal reconstruction following FG has the important benefits of being easily harvested while providing tension-free repair and acceptable cosmetic results.Öğe Moral intelligence in nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis(Tehran Univ Medical Sciences, 2021) Shirazi, Zahra Hadian; Sabetsarvestani, RahelehBackground & Aim: Moral intelligence is a foundation and cornerstone of ethics in nursing. However, it is a vague concept which needs to develop. So, this study aimed to analyze the concept of moral intelligence in nursing to help its development and apply it in the context. Methods & Materials: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis method was used. Databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and IranMedex were searched from 2001 to 2020 with moral, ethics, intelligence, and nursing keywords. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing irrelevant and duplicate articles, 46 texts were reviewed. The method of analysis was inductive content analysis. Results: The attributes of moral intelligence were identified as considering individual-social value, the integrity of feeling, thinking, and action, and semantic purposefulness. The antecedents included prepared person, purposeful selection and upbringing, and supportive context, and the consequences were personal and professional development of the nurse, facilitating holistic care, and organizational promotion. Based on the attributes of the concept, moral intelligence was defined as: The cognitive and value-oriented capability of a nurse in managing the problem and conflict resolution process through selfsacrifice and conscious involvement into intra-and-interpersonal relationships to achieve desirable moral and spiritual goals during comprehensive care of the client. Conclusion: In ethical challenges, moral intelligence may function as a cognitive ability by considering individual-social values. It uses a purposeful problem-solving process that is purposeful, seeks meaning, and guides nurses to improve the quality of health services.Öğe The role of melatonin in preventing radiation-induced intestinal injury(Imprimatur Publications, 2021) Sezen, Orhan; Erdemci, Burak; Calik, Muhammet; Koc, MehmetPurpose: Despite the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy on tumor cells, it has potential severe adverse effects on the sur- rounding normal tissues. Acute or chronic intestinal adverse effects that are likely to occur in patients undergoing radio- therapy for pelvic and abdominal cancers lead to increased morbidity, significant impairment of the quality of life, and economic losses. Various biological, chemical and pharma- cological agents are being tested to protect from and to treat radiation enteritis. This experimental study aimed to inves- tigate the protective effects of melatonin against radiation induced intestinal injury when administered before radiation exposure in rats. Methods: In the present study, villus height and the number of villi in the ileum and jejunum of rats receiving two dif- ferent doses of intraperitoneal melatonin (5 and 10 mg/kg) prior to a single fraction of radiation given at a dose of 8 Gy to the abdominal region, was evaluated by histopathological examination 3 and 7 days after radiation exposure. Results: At a dose of 5 mg/kg, melatonin was found to be effective in preventing radiation-induced injury to villus height in the jejunum and the number of villi in the ileum and jejunum, and at a dose of 10 mg/kg it was also effective in preventing radiation-induced injury to villus height in the ileum. Conclusions: Melatonin is effective for the prevention of radiation-induced intestinal injury. This outcome can be considered an evidence to test melatonin in clinical trials.Öğe Ursodeoxycholic acid treatment for duodenogastric reflux in childhood(Kuwait Medical Assoc, 2021) Agin, Mehmet; Gumus, Meltem; Yucel, Aylin; Yuksekkaya, Hasan Ali; Aydogdu, Sema; Tumgor, GokhanObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical and histopathological features of duodenogastric reflux (DGR) in children and the effectiveness of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) therapy. Design: Prospective Setting: Cukurova University Medical Faculty Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic and Necmettin Erbakan University Medical Faculty Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic, Adana and Konya, Turkey Subjects: One hundred and four children Intervention: One hundred and four patients with DGR were assessed in terms of their history, physical examination, endoscopy, histopathology and response to UDCA therapy. Main outcome measure: Positive results were obtained by administering UDCA treatment in addition to stomach drugs. Results: Eighty-two (79%) patients had previously used various antacids and proton pump inhibitors for dyspeptic symptoms. Gastritis was detected with upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy in all patients. Symptoms decreased by more than half or resolved completely in 97 patients (93%) at the 3-month follow-up interval. Conclusion: DGR should be considered in the etiology of patients with dyspeptic symptoms who fail to respond to antacid and proton pump inhibitor therapy. The majority of patients with DGR responded well to three months of UDCA therapy.Öğe Repentance at the Moment of Death: An Important Subject Affecting People's Spiritual Health(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Caksen, Huseyin[Abstract Not Availabe]
