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    Aflatoxin contamination in tahini
    (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013) Torlak, E.; Akan, I. M.
    Sesame seeds can be contaminated with aflatoxins during growth or storage. Therefore, tahini, a sesame seed-based product, has potential risk of aflatoxin contamination. In this study, a total of 104 tahini samples collected from Central Anatolian region of Turkey were analysed for aflatoxin contamination. Analysis of samples was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection after immunoaffinity column clean-up, with recoveries ranging from 70.3 to 82.4%. In terms of incidence and quantity, aflatoxin B-1 was the predominant mycotoxin detected in 15 samples, with contamination levels ranging from 0.31 to 2.53 mu g/kg. The mean level of total aflatoxins in contaminated samples was found to be 1.17 +/- 0.55 mu g/kg. Our data revealed that aflatoxin B-1 and total aflatoxins levels determined in tahini samples were within the Turkish Food Codex limits. The incidence of contaminated tahini samples indicated that a regular surveillance program should be established to monitor the occurrence of aflatoxins in tahini.
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    Evaluation of two rapid methods for enumeration of yeast and mould in food
    (Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2013) Torlak, E.; Akan, I. M.
    Several rapid methods have been developed for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods. Among these rapid methods, the NEO-GRID hydrophobic grid membrane filter (HGMF) requires a considerably short incubation period and the TEMPO YM offers automation. TEMPO YM and NEO-GRID HGMF were compared with the current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) method, the reference method, for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods. This study of method comparison was conducted using 261 naturally contaminated food samples including dried fruits, marmalade, flour, pastry, sausage, nuts, sauce and spices. The results of the statistical analysis of different food categories demonstrated that differences between the rapid methods and the FDA method were not significant (P>0.05). Both TEMPO YM and NEO-GRID HGMF are rapid and efficient alternative methods for the enumeration of yeast and mould in foods.