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    Evaluation of Operator and Patient Doses after Irradiation with Handheld X-ray Devices
    (Mdpi, 2023) Altindag, Ali; Eren, Hakan; Orhan, Kaan; Gorgun, Sebahat
    This study aimed to evaluate radiation doses from handheld X-ray devices, specifically NOMAD Pro 2TM (DvcN), Rextar X (DvcRX), and Diox 602 (DvcD), targeting operator and patient's critical organs and tissues. Calibrated TLD-100H dosimeters were placed on a mannequin and phantom head, focusing on the eyes, thyroid, gonads, hands, and salivary glands. Using a TLD reader, absorbed equivalent doses post irradiation were assessed. Conventional systems yielded higher radiation doses than phosphor plates and digital systems. Notably, implementing protective measures resulted in significant (p < 0.05) dose reductions to the operator. Peak measurements without protection included: gonad 24.4 (DvcN) mu Gy; thyroid 30.5 (DvcN) mu Gy; right eye 31.9 (DvcN) mu Gy; left eye 27.9 (DvcN) mu Gy; right hand 111.6 (DvcRX) mu Gy; and left hand 71.7 (DvcD) mu Gy. Radiation dose reductions ranged from 11.49% to 93.25%, depending on the region and device. It is imperative to adhere to radiological protection protocols, particularly when employing handheld X-ray devices; optimally, these should be used with digital systems.
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    Investigation of the Radiological Status of First Permanent Molars in a Turkish Subpopulation
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2023) Altindag, Ali; Yuce, Fatma; Magat, Guldane
    Objective: Missing or filled first permanent molars (FPMs) affects occlusal status and oral health. This study aims to determine the prevalence of missing, restored FPMs (filling, root canal treatment, prosthetic restoration), and dental implants in the first molar region. Methods: In our study, panoramic radiographs of 1765 female and 1230 male patients were evaluated. Patients were divided into three age groups: 15-34 years old, 35-54 years old, and >55 years old. The maxillary and mandibular FPMs status is divided into two groups presence (caries, filled, root treatment, prosthetic restoration, root treatment + prosthetic restoration, and healthy) or absence (empty, radix relicta, dental implant, and dental bridge). Results: In the evaluated images, 36.92% of maxillary FPMs and 27.39% of mandibular FPMs were healthy. FPMs on the right or left side of the jaws did not affect their clinical status, while their presence on the lower or upper jaw affected their clinical status. Conclusion: Most of the FPMs (67.85%) were with caries or restorations. The number of healthy FPMs decreases with increasing age. The study indicates an important result regarding protecting FPMs and preventive dentistry.
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    Prevalence and Pattern of Stylohyoid Chain Complex on Panoramic Radiographs: A Retrospective Study
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2022) Altindag, Ali; Eren, Hakan; Kucukkalem, Muhammed Feyzi; Altindag, Omer
    Objective: The elongated styloid process (SP) and calcified stylohyoid ligament can be evaluated radiologically and are associated with some symptoms and syndromes. This study aimed to define the incidence of different stylohyoid chain patterns and classify them. Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs of 1217 patients were included in the study. The styloid chain patterns were analyzed according to MacDonald-Jankowski's study. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) program. Descriptive values were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. The data were assessed by using Chi-squared tests. A probability level of less than.05 (p..05) was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of the stylohyoid chain complex patterns was higher for normal SP (86.5%), followed by elongated SP (7.1%), calcified stylohyoid ligament (2.2%), and absent stylohyoid chain (2.8%). Unclassified SP was detected in twenty individuals on the left (1.6%) and fourteen on the right (1.2%). In view of symmetry of the stylohyoid chain complex, 979 (80.4%) were symmetric, 238 (19.6%) were asymmetric and 14 (1.15%) of the asymmetrical ones were unilateral. There was no significant difference in gender for the type of stylohyoid chain complex pattern (p >.05). There was statistically significant difference between the stylohyoid complex pattern and age groups for the right and left sides (p <.05). Conclusion: The authors believe that this study provides additional information about the frequency of the elongated styloid process and provides valuable knowledge of the anatomical variations of the SP. Current findings should be correlated with clinical symptoms in future studies.