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Öğe Behavior of CFRP-strengthened RC beams with circular web openings in shear zones: Numerical study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Yazman, Sakir; Gemi, Lokman; Arslan, Musa HakanIn practice, especially the basement floor beams are drilled and damaged by the users. In some cases, this damage to the beams can be significant for the load-bearing element and the whole structure. In this study, the behavior of reinforced concrete beams with circular openings and the failure types resulting from strengthening these beams with CFRP are parametrically investigated. The diameter of the opening/beam height ratio (D/H), con-crete compressive strength, stirrup spacing, the position of the opening to the beam support, the type of CFRP application, CFRP ply orientation, and the number of CFRP layers were selected as parameters. Numerical models were verified using 9 specimens having different circular openings with/without CFRP strengthening and the analyses of 95 numerical models with the selected parameters were carried out utilizing the finite element program, ABAQUS. The ultimate load capacity, ductility, stiffness, energy dissipation capacity and failure modes of the beams were determined. As a result of the study, it was observed that there was no significant loss in ductility for the beams with D/H < 0.3 and the number of CFRP layer and type of application did not have a significant effect on D/H < 0.44. However, for the beams with D/H > 0.64, the CFRP application that completely surrounds openings should be preferred instead of partial CFRP strengthening. In addition, the concrete strength is an effective parameter for the beams with D/H < 0.44. The effect of the stirrup spacings in the beam on the ductile behavior was also limited with the increase in the hole diameter. The number of CFRP layers should theoretically be 4 for an effective strengthening in beams with D/H > 0.44. Finally, U wrapping is recommended instead of using full wrapping. It has been seen that the location and diameter of the hole are very important parameters in the failure type of the beam.Öğe Bending performance of dapped-end beams having web opening: Experimental and numerical investigation(Elsevier, 2023) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Özkılıç, Yasin Onuralp; Çeledir, Emrullah; Arslan, Musa HakanReinforced concrete dapped-end (purlin) beams are frequently used in prefabricated industrial structures. The main task of these beams is to safely carry the loads on the roof. Considering the number of these purlin beams in industrial buildings, it is extremely important for manufacturers to product these beams with less concrete without reducing the load carrying capacity. Since these purlin beams are under the effect of bending and shear forces, controlled creating openings in beam span can have significant economic benefits for the manufacturer. Therefore especially economic design perspective, it is so crucial to determine the amount of openings that will not cause a significant change in the bending behavior. In this study, the behavior of dapped-end purlins with openings was experimentally and numerically investigated. In the experimental step, seven purlin beams having different opening configurations were tested under four-point loading to investigate the openings effects on beam structural behavior. In this step opening length to total length varying between 0.075 and 0.325 was selected as a main parameter. After test, the numerical models were created and verified using experimental findings. After this step, in the parametric study part of the paper, the effects of shear span, depth of the opening and length of opening and different opening configurations (such as segmentation) which were not tested in experiments, were examined. The experimental outcomes revealed that increases in the opening did not provide a significant effect on the load capacity. This can be explained by the fact that the openings are in the bending region. The numerical findings showed that increasing shear span to depth ratio (av/d) ratio did not change rigidity but decreased the load capacity. However, no effect was observed on the opening height provided that it is at least as far away from the upper and lower longitudinal reinforcements bars as the concrete-cover margin. On the other hand, increasing opening/purlin length (especially higher than 0.375) reduces the capacity. However, segmented openings (multiple openings instead of single whole openings) did not reduce capacity even if total opening/ purlin length was 0.525.Öğe Buildings Damages after Elazig, Turkey Earthquake on January 24, 2020(Springer, 2021) Dogan, Gamze; Ecemis, Ali Serdar; Korkmaz, Serra Zerrin; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Korkmaz, Hasan HusnuA 6.8-magnitude earthquake that occurred on January 24, 2020, has been effective in Turkey's eastern regions. The earthquake, with recorded peak ground acceleration (PGA) value of 0.292 g, caused the destruction or heavy damage of buildings, especially in the city center of Elazig province. The purpose of this paper was to share the results of detailed investigation in the earthquake-stricken area. Additionally, the causes of damages and failures observed in the buildings were compared to those that had occurred in previous earthquakes in Turkey. In this study, the damages observed in especially RC buildings as well as in masonry and rural buildings were summarized, the lessons learned were evaluated, and the results were interpreted with reference to Turkish earthquake codes. In the study, it was particularly emphasized why the building stock underwent such damage even though the buildings were exposed to earthquake acceleration well below the design acceleration values.Öğe Damages on prefabricated concrete dapped-end purlins due to snow loads and a novel reinforcement detail(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Arslan, Musa HakanIn prefabricated industrial buildings, damages and collapses may occur under snow loads. If the necessary precautions are not taken, the damage can spread to the whole structure which leads to total collapse. Therefore, it is very crucial for manufacturers to comprehend the nature of the damage and to take necessary precautions to prevent this damage. In this present study, the damages occurred at dapped-end region of prefabricated purlins due to snow load accumulated at the roof and the reasons for these damages were investigated in detail. Pursuant to this goal, comprehensive experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken. 10 specimens with 5 different configurations were tested under four point loading. A novel reinforcement detail and the usage of practical methods used by the manufacturers are selected as main parameters. In all purlins, damages occurred at the dapped-end in shear formation. The experimentally obtained results were compared with field tests and TS9967 design code. It was observed that the specimen with Z type of the proposed novel reinforcement exhibited approximately 30% higher load capacity than that of other specimens. Moreover, the numerical analyses were performed in order to determine optimum Z type reinforcement for dapped-end purlin beams using finite element methods.Öğe Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Ozturk, Murat; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Korkmaz, Hasan HusnuTwo major catastrophic earthquakes, which occurred 9 h apart on the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone and one of its branches on February 6, 2023 in Turkey, directly affected 11 provinces in the Eastern and South-Eastern Anatolia regions, where 14 million people live. These earthquakes are among the most destructive earthquakes in the history of Turkey, caused approximately 3 times more property damage and loss of life than the 1999 Marmara Earthquake. More than 24,000 aftershocks with magnitudes of up to 6.7 Mw occurred after these earthquakes. In this study, the causes of heavy destruction in some of the provinces and districts most affected by earthquakes (especially Hatay-Antakya, Kahramanmaras,, Gaziantep-Nurdagi, Gaziantep-Islahiye, AdiyamanGo & BULL;lbas,i, Malatya) were examined under sub-headings. The reasons for the damages were supported by the striking images obtained during the site investigation in the earthquake zone, and the issues that should be considered based on both seismic codes and implementations were also stated. In addition, in order to better understand the effects of earthquakes on reinforced concrete structures, the ratios of the loads acting on the structures in both earthquakes to the design load predicted by the code valid at the time the structures were built are presented in graphics. The results obtained show that the effects of design and application mistakes are quite high in the heavy destruction caused by earthquakes. But it is understood that the seismic code design criteria and requirements are insufficient in some regions. In addition, the establishment of residential areas in risky areas without taking any precautions has produced dramatic results.Öğe Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete shear deficient beams with circular web openings strengthened by CFRP composite(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Yazman, Sakir; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Gemi, Lokman; Arslan, Musa HakanIn this study, two methods of CFRP applications were utilized to strengthen the shear deficient beams with cir-cular holes and a comprehensive experimental program consisting of 11 1/2 scaled specimens was undertaken. The beams with hole diameter (D)/beam height ratio (H) of 0.30, 0.44, 0.64 ratios, symmetrically drilled in shear span were tested under vertical loading. D/H ratio of 0.30 did cause not only a decrease in load carrying capacity but also increased the ductility of the beam. However, significant decreases in load carrying capacities were observed as the hole diameters increase. The load carrying capacity and ductility were significantly improved owing to different CFRP configurations. The fact that the hole diameter and CFRP strengthening method are very important parameters for strengthening is observed. No CFRP strengthening alternative was successful in the beams with a D/H ratio of 0.64. A detailed macro and micro damage analyses are presented.Öğe Experimental and analytical investigation of chemical anchors's behaviour under axial tensile(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2020) Musevitoglu, Abdullah; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkis, AhmetIn this study, to observe the behavior of chemical anchors embedded in concrete under the tensile effect, 108 different anchor specimens were prepared with different parameters as concrete compressive strength, reinforcement bar diameters, anchor depths, sizes of drilled holes, cleanliness of the drilled holes. Pull-out tests were conducted and obtained data were examined with the axial-load capacities and the failure situations. Finally, the depth of anchors, compressive strength and reinforcement diameter were observed to increase the axial-load-bearing capacity. The specimens cleaned with water could bear more axial loads than cleaned using air. For the anchors installed without cleaning the holes, a significant decrease was observed in the axial-load carrying capacities compared to the other two conditions. The ANN algorithm exhibited a 78.3% prediction success compared with other algorithms. The empirical relations in the literature were found to have limited level of prediction success rates according to the ANN's results. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Experimental and numerical investigation of bending performance of prestressed purlins having different longitudinal web opening(Elsevier Science Inc, 2024) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Celedir, Emrullah; Basaran, Bogachan; Arslan, Musa HakanVariable cross-section pre-stressed precast concrete purlin (PPCP) members are frequently used in industrial buildings. Lightening these elements, which create a significant weight on the roof plane, is extremely important to reduce both concrete consumption and the weight that will affect the earthquake force. The voids left in the purlin bodies can make them even more economical. A series of experimental and numeric studies were carried out to find an answer to this research question. In the study, 8 PPCP beams with different 1/1 geometric scale web opening ratios (ranging between 7.5%similar to 35% depending on the beam length) were tested. At the end of the experimental study, the openings created in the beams did not significantly reduce the load carrying capacity. In addition, bearing capacity of the reference beam was obtained approximately 17% greater than the calculated analytical value. The results of the tests were validated utilizing ABAQUS FEM. Then, a parametric study was performed on 48 models according to three different pre-stressing levels (0.3 P, 0.6 P and 0.9 P) and three different concrete strengths (30 MPa, 40 MPa and 50 MPa). According to results, especially in PPCP with web opening ratios of 27.5% and 32.5%, both initial stiffness and ductility values increased compared to the reference beam. From the numerical models, it was revelead that the decrease in concrete strength caused a capacity loss of up to 17%, especially in beams with the highest opening ratio. It was discovered that the increase in the pre-stress level increased the stiffness and capacity, but the least increase was in the beam with the highest opening ratio.Öğe Experimental and numerical investigation of shear strength at dapped end beams having different shear span and recess corner length(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozknlnc, Yasin Onuralp; Arslan, Musa HakanThe geometric properties of the support region of dapped end beams (DEBs) cause a significant change in the ratio of the distance between the support and suspension reinforcement (a) to the effective depth (d). This ratio is effective in the shear capacity of DEB. In addition, in the ratio of the distance of the load on the beam from the support (av) to the depth of the beam (deff) is also effective on the behavior of the beam under vertical loads. For the first time in the literature, the combined effects of these two ratios on the shear capacity of DEBs was investigated by experimental and numerical methods in this study. Firstly, an experimental study was carried out having 1/1 cross-sectional scale six different DEBs. In the experimental study, while the a/d ratio was kept constant as 1.8, the av/deff ratio was varied between 0.75 and 3. The experiments results indicate that towards increasing the av/deff ratio, the DEBs failed by flexure. The strength of DEBs decreases with an increase in the av/ deff ratio. With smaller av/deff, the DEBs show greater stiffness and ultimate load. Numeric finite element models by using ABAQUS were verified by the load-displacement relationships and damage modes obtained from these experiments. After that, at the parametric stage of the study numeric models were also constructed in order to further investigate the effect of different a/d ratios and av/deff on the strength of DEBs. According to all test and numeric results, it is recommended that DEBs should be placed on the supporting member by considering the minimum a/d ratio. Otherwise, the capacity of the DEBs will be significantly reduced since the damage in the thinned zone will occur at lower load levels. At the end of study, considering the combined effects of a/d and av/ deff, a shear capacity reduction coefficient based on these parameters has been proposed. The shear capacity, which is reduced using the proposed coefficient, approaches the numerical results, which converge to a great extent with the experimental data by 92.46%.Öğe Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Structural, Thermal and Acoustic Performance of Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Balls for a Cleaner Environment(Springer, 2023) Arslan, Musa Hakan; Özkılıç, Yasin Onuralp; Arslan, Hatice Derya; Şahin, Ömer SinanThis study conducted a comprehensive experimental and numerical assessment to investigate the effect of plastic circular balls placed in the middle of a section of a reinforced concrete slab on strength, ductility, thermal, and acoustic performance. The ball diameter/slab thickness (D/H), grades of concrete, and longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratio (q) in the slab were selected as the main variables. The variation in thermal and acoustic performance depending upon the ball’s diameter was investigated as well. The results showed that the slab’s load-carrying capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity did not differ if the D/H ratio did not exceed 0.4; however, significant decreases in these values were observed when the D/H ratio exceeded 0.4. Moreover, the increase in the concrete and reinforcement’s strength had a negative effect on the slab with a D/H ratio of 0.8. The experimental results revealed that balled slabs are 3.15 times superior with respect to thermal conductivity and provide 1.38 times more insulation to absorb sound compared to nonballed slabs. In the numerical study of the slabs’ thermal performance, the mean surface temperature and heat flux on the slab where the heat transfer takes place decreased as the ball diameter increased. As seen in acoustic models, the level at which the slabs absorbed sound varied depending upon both the diameter of the balls and the sound frequency.Öğe Experimental and numerical investigations of steel fiber reinforced concrete dapped-end purlins(Elsevier, 2021) Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Arslan, Musa HakanDapped-end beams (DEBs), also known as thinned end beams, are often experienced in shear damages under the effect of vertical loads. Especially if the necessary precautions for thinned ends of reinforced concrete prefabricated purlins on the roofs having standard cross sections are not considered during the design, these purlins can be failed suddenly under the accumulated snow loads. This situation causes the roof to collapse completely. In order to mitigate this drawback, it is aimed to improve shear capacity of the purlins by using steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) without changing the cross section geometry and reinforcement. Pursuant to this goal, experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken. The presence of steel fiber and the aspect ratio are selected as main parameters. The use of SFRC increased energy dissipation and shear capacities approximately 2.58 and 1.53 times, respectively. Moreover, the numerical analyses were performed in order to determine the optimum length of SFRC used in concrete from beam ends and fiber volume ratio to be used, and to investigate the effects of shear span to depth ratio (a/d). The results revealed that fiber volume ratio of 2% and the length of SFRC used up to the point where dapped-end region ends are recommended. Moreover, increasing the ratio of a/d results in a decrease in load carrying capacity.Öğe Experimental investigation and analytical prediction of flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with steel fibres extracted from waste tyres(Elsevier, 2023) Yildizel, Sadik Alper; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Bahrami, Alireza; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Basaran, Bogachan; Hakamy, Ahmad; Arslan, Musa HakanIn recent years, studies on the use of car tyre wastes in concrete have gained momentum. Especially, the effect of recycled waste steel wires (RWSWs) from tyres to be mixed into concrete for using in newly designed reinforced concrete buildings on the performance of construction elements is a fairly new research area. In this study, the bending behaviour of 12 reinforced concrete beams was investigated having 1/3 geometric scale, 100 x 150 x 1000 mm in size, and produced with RWSWs additive in different volumetric ratios (1%, 2%, and 3%) under vertical loads. Another main parameter selected in the study was the amount of varying tension reinforcements (24)12, 24)10, and 24)8). The load-carrying, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation capacities of the RWSW reinforced bending beams were compared with the primary aim of this study which was to examine and present the contribution of RWSWs on the improvement of the bending performance of the reinforced concrete beams. The results revealed that the mechanical properties of the hybrid beams with RWSWs vary depending on dosages but are comparable with those of the beams-only with the same fibre dosage. A positive effect was obtained for the hybrid beams containing 2-3% RWSWs. Besides, RWSWs were found to be highly well mobilised at larger crack widths, and the post-cracking strength of RWSW mixes was significantly higher. Considering both mechanical properties of the beams and fresh properties such as the workability, 2% of RWSWs is recommended to be utilised in the reinforced concrete beams. On the other hand, the results were compared with the predictions of the methods given in the literature and standards. Moreover, an equation was derived to better predict the capacity of the hybrid beams using RWSWs.Öğe Experimental investigation of shear capacity and damage analysis of thinned end prefabricated concrete purlins strengthened by CFRP composite(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Gemi, Lokman; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Yazman, Sakir; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Arslan, Musa HakanPrefabricated structures supported with purlins are exposed to numerous damages due to the excessive snow loadings as vertical loadings. The thinned regions of the purlins are responsible with the failure of the structure since the shear cracks usually initiate at these regions and propagate along with the purlins, and as a result, a total collapse may occur. In this study, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with four different configurations (P-2-P-5) were employed for strengthening prefabricated purlins in order to increase the strength of the purlin against shear damage generated under vertical loading. The load carrying capacities and damage patterns of the purlins were compared. The failure of the reference purlin (P-1) was occurred as a shear damage at the thinned regions before reaching its bending capacity. However, the failure characteristic of the CFRP reinforced purlins was dominated by the bending damage and the vertical loading capacity of the purlins were increased up to 59% depends on the CFRP wrapping. Damage analysis of the CFRP composite was also performed. Various damage modes of the structure such as cover separation, air voids, delamination, debonding, fiber bundles breakage, matrix cracks, fiber bundles debonding, fiber breakage and buckling were observed and explained thoroughly.Öğe Improvement in Bending Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Produced with Waste Lathe Scraps(Mdpi, 2022) Karalar, Memduh; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Ahmad, Mahmood; Sabri, Mohanad Muayad SabriIn this study, the impacts of different proportions of tension reinforcement and waste lathe scraps on the failure and bending behavior of reinforced concrete beams (RCBs) are clearly detected considering empirical tests. Firstly, material strength and consistency test and then 1/2 scaled beam test have been carried out. For this purpose, a total of 12 specimens were produced in the laboratory and then tested to examine the failure mechanism under flexure. Two variables have been selected in creating text matrix. These are the longitudinal tension reinforcement ratio in beams (three different level) and volumetric ratio of waste lathe scraps (four different level: 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%). The produced simply supported beams were subjected to a two-point bending test. To prevent shear failure, sufficient stirrups have been used. Thus, a change in the bending behavior was observed during each test. With the addition of 1%, 2% and 3% waste lathe scraps, compressive strength escalated by 11.2%, 21.7% and 32.5%, respectively, compared to concrete without waste. According to slump test results, as the waste lathe scraps proportion in the concrete mixture is increased, the concrete consistency diminishes. Apart from the material tests, the following results were obtained from the tests performed on the beams. It is detected that with the addition of lathe waste, the mechanical features of beams improved. It is observed that different proportions of tension reinforcement and waste lathe scraps had different failure and bending impacts on the RCBs. While there was no significant change in stiffness and strength, ductility increased considerably with the addition of lathe waste.Öğe Investigation of the Earthquake Performance Adequacy of Low-Rise RC Structures Designed According to the Simplified Design Rules in TBEC-2019(Mdpi, 2022) Yel, Nur Seda; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Erkan, Ibrahim Hakki; Arslan, Hatice Derya; Isik, ErcanIn this study, earthquake performance of the structures was tested which were modeled according to the minimum criteria of simplified analysis approach proposed in TBEC-2019. For this purpose, 144 reinforced-concrete building models were designed according to parameters such as earthquake design class, building height (number of storey), number of spans, soil type and three different simplified formulas suggested in the code. The level of structural performance of buildings models was determined by the linear (L) and nonlinear performance analysis (NL) methods that given in TBEC-2019. The base shear force, top displacements and over-strength factor (omega) of each structural model were obtained, and performance analysis was performed by comparatively. As a result of the structural analyses, it was seen that some of the buildings model designed according to minimum column sectional criteria given in simplified methods could not meet the suggested seismic performance level. While the number of structural models that provide the controlled damage (CD) level in the L analysis method is 44 (30.55%), it is 107 (74.3%) in the NL analysis method. The insufficient performance was obtained in both L and NL methods in models which have over-strength values below 3. It has been observed that multi-criteria of building performance are not met with the weakening of local soil conditions. It was also seen that the L method chosen in the performance analysis gave more conservative results with this study.Öğe Investigation on Improvement in Shear Performance of Reinforced-Concrete Beams Produced with Recycled Steel Wires from Waste Tires(Mdpi, 2022) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Hadzima-Nyarko, Marijana; Isik, Ercan; Arslan, Musa HakanIn parallel with the increase in vehicle sales worldwide, waste tires are becoming an increasing problem. The storage and disposal of these waste tires are critical environmental problems. Re-using these wastes in different areas instead of being disposed of is vital in preventing environmental pollution and creating new low-cost products. From this motivation, this paper investigates the properties of traditional reinforced-concrete beam with recycled steel wires (RSWT) obtained from the waste tires. RSWT were added to reinforced-concrete beam between 1% and 3% by weight with an increment of 1%. In total, 9 cubes, 12 cylinders and 12 reinforced-concrete beams were cast and tested to obtain the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, respectively. RSWT added to the concrete by 1%, 2% and 3% increased the compressive strength by 17.2%, 30.8% and 46.4%, respectively, compared to the reference concrete. In split tensile strength, 14.4%, 25.1% and 36.7% increases were observed, respectively. This showed that there was an effective increase in the compressive and tensile strength of concrete with the increase of fiber content. Although the effect of fiber content in samples with high stirrup spacing (27 cm) provides significant benefit in improving the beam behavior, the effect of fibers was more limited as the stirrup spacing decreased (20 cm and 16 cm). An approximation of over 91% was obtained between the analytical calculations and the experimental results. This shows that the analytical calculations given in the standards can be used for new experimental studies.Öğe Mechanical Steel Stitches: An Innovative Approach for Strengthening Shear Deficiency in Undamaged Reinforced Concrete Beams(Mdpi, 2022) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Arslan, Musa HakanIn this study, reinforced concrete beams with insufficient shear capacity were strengthened on both sides of the beam along the shear openings by a novel approach: Mechanical Steel Stitches (MSS). This innovative method facilitates the application of strengthening the beams with a low-cost solution. In this concept, six specimens were experimentally investigated under vertical load. While one of the specimens was tested as a reference, the others were strengthened with MSS application at different ratios (rho(MS)), ranging from 0.2% to 1% at both the beams' shear span. MSS were applied with the angle of 90 degrees considering stirrup logic. The diameter, anchorage depth and mechanical properties of the MSSs were kept constant, and their effects on the strengthening of the beams in terms of ductility, strength, stiffness, and energy dissipation capacities were investigated by changing the spacing of the MSSs. The results revealed that increasing MSS ratio caused a dramatic positive change in the behavior in terms of both strength and energy dissipation capacity. MSSs to be made at appropriate intervals ((%1) MSS ratio or (d/5) MSS spacing) significantly improved the shear capacity. However, a 43% loss in stiffness occurred with the increase in rho(MS) since the MSSs are applied to the beams by drilling and anchoring from the outside.Öğe Numerical and analytical investigation of parameters influencing the behavior of shear beams strengthened by CFRP wrapping(Techno-Press, 2023) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Yazman, Sakir; Alsdudi, Mohammed; Gemi, Lokman; Arslan, Musa HakanIn this study, a parametric study was performed considering material properties of concrete, material properties of steel, the number of longitudinal reinforcement (reinforcement ratio), CFRP ply orientations, a number of layers as variables by using ABAQUS. Firstly, the parameters used in the Hashin failure criteria were verified using four coupon tests of CFRP. Secondly, the numerical models of the beams strengthened by CFRP were verified using five experimental data. Finally, eighty numerical models and eighty analytic calculations were developed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned variables. The results revealed that in the case of using fibrous polymer to prevent shear failure, the variables related to reinforced concrete significantly affected the behavior of specimens, whereas the variables related to CFRP composite have a slight effect on the behavior of the specimens. As a result of numerical analysis, while the increase in the longitudinal tensile and compression reinforcement, load bearing capacity increases between 23.6%-70.7% and 5.6%-12.2%, respectively. Increase in compressive strength (29 MPa to 35 MPa) leads to a slight increase in the load-carrying capacity of the specimens between 4.6% and 7.2%. However, the decrease in the compressive strength (29 MPa to 20 MPa) significantly affected (between 6.4% and 8.1% decrease observed) the behavior of the specimens. As the yield strength increases or decreases, the capacity of specimens increase approximately 27.1% or decrease 12.1%. The effects of CFRP ply orientation results have been obtained as a negligible well approximately 3.7% difference. An increasing number of CFRP layers leads to almost no effect (approximately 2.8%) on the behavior of the specimen. Finally, according to the numerical analysis, the ductility values obtained between 4.0 and 6.9 indicate that the beams have sufficient ductility capacity.Öğe Numerical and analytical investigation of parameters influencing the behavior of shear beams strengthened by CFRP wrapping(Techno-Press, 2023) Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Yazman, Sakir; Alsdudi, Mohammed; Gemi, Lokman; Arslan, Musa HakanIn this study, a parametric study was performed considering material properties of concrete, material properties of steel, the number of longitudinal reinforcement (reinforcement ratio), CFRP ply orientations, a number of layers as variables by using ABAQUS. Firstly, the parameters used in the Hashin failure criteria were verified using four coupon tests of CFRP. Secondly, the numerical models of the beams strengthened by CFRP were verified using five experimental data. Finally, eighty numerical models and eighty analytic calculations were developed to investigate the effects of the aforementioned variables. The results revealed that in the case of using fibrous polymer to prevent shear failure, the variables related to reinforced concrete significantly affected the behavior of specimens, whereas the variables related to CFRP composite have a slight effect on the behavior of the specimens. As a result of numerical analysis, while the increase in the longitudinal tensile and compression reinforcement, load bearing capacity increases between 23.6%-70.7% and 5.6%-12.2%, respectively. Increase in compressive strength (29 MPa to 35 MPa) leads to a slight increase in the load-carrying capacity of the specimens between 4.6% and 7.2%. However, the decrease in the compressive strength (29 MPa to 20 MPa) significantly affected (between 6.4% and 8.1% decrease observed) the behavior of the specimens. As the yield strength increases or decreases, the capacity of specimens increase approximately 27.1% or decrease 12.1%. The effects of CFRP ply orientation results have been obtained as a negligible well approximately 3.7% difference. An increasing number of CFRP layers leads to almost no effect (approximately 2.8%) on the behavior of the specimen. Finally, according to the numerical analysis, the ductility values obtained between 4.0 and 6.9 indicate that the beams have sufficient ductility capacity.Öğe Numerical evaluation of effects of shear span, stirrup spacing and angle of stirrup on reinforced concrete beam behaviour(Techno-Press, 2021) Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Arslan, Musa HakanShear and bending strength of reinforced concrete beams depend on many parameters. It is extremely important to take the necessary precautions in terms of shear in order for the beams to reach their bending capacity. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the effective parameters especially on shear capacity in beams. However, the actual capacity calculation is quite difficult according to regulations that are very conservative in terms of design. Therefore, many experimental studies have been conducted on the shear capacity of the beams. However, this situation is not meaningful in terms of both time and cost, since many experiments will be required to interpret the beam shear behavior, which depends on many parameters. For this reason, the use of advanced software whose verification is performed according to experimental data has become widespread. In this study, a numerical study was carried out on 36 different beam models using the ABAQUS finite element program to examine the effect of the shear span/effective depth (a(v)/d) ratio, stirrup spacing (s(w)) and the angle of stirrup (alpha). The results showed that as the a(v)/d increase, the behavior of a shear deficient beam tends to typical bending behavior. Although the effect of stirrup angle on shear capacity is quite high, stirrup angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees give very similar results. The effect of stirrup spacing is quite limited at relatively high a(v)/d. Stirrups with 90 degrees do not contribute to ductility in beams with high a(v)/d.