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Öğe The associations between the clinical course of children with tracheostomy and their mothers' depression, burnout, burden, and self-esteem(Wiley, 2023) Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Pekcan, Sevgi; Buyukkaya, Eda Zeynep; Hangul, Melih; Kose, MehmetAims and Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of children with tracheostomy and the predictors of psychological status of their primary caregivers in order to determine the associations between the children's clinical course with their caregivers' psychological status. Background The caregivers of children with tracheostomy are responsible for providing basic tracheostomy care at home. All these responsibilities may be associated with significant changes in family members' lifestyles, daily routines and family dynamics. Design This study is a cross sectional study. Methods Data of the family's socioeconomic status and clinical status of children with tracheostomy were noted in four paediatric pulmonology centers. The Beck Depression Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, and Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale were used for psychological measurements of the caregivers. The STROBE checklist was used for this study. Results Eighty-five children and their primary caregivers were enrolled in the study. The children's median age was 4.1 years. Thirty-eight of them were dependent on home ventilators. Twenty-one had bacterial colonisation. All children's primary caregivers were their mothers. Beck Depression Inventory scores of mothers of children with colonisation were higher. Number of hospitalizations in previous 6 months was related to mothers' emotional exhaustion and depersonalization scores. Duration of children's hospitalizations in previous 6 months was positively correlated to mothers' emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and Beck Depression Inventory scores. Conclusions Mothers of children with tracheostomy may experience psychological conditions, such as high levels of depression, burnout, burden and low levels of self-esteem. Frequent and long-term hospitalizations of children correlated with mother's depression and burnout. Therefore, primary caregivers should be evaluated and supported psychologically. Relevance to Clinical Practice Preventing mothers of children with tracheostomy from experiencing psychological conditions such as depression, burnout, burden and low self-esteem can also increase the quality of care for children.Öğe Caspase-1 and interleukin-18 in children with post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans: a case-control study(Springer, 2022) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Pekcan, Sevgi; Kose, Mehmet; Hangul, Melih; Aral, Latife ArzuThe exact immunological mechanisms of post infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) in childhood are not fully known. It has been shown that the inflammasome and IL-18 pathway play important roles in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the role of caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-18 components in PIBO. From January to May 2020, children with PIBO, children with history of influenza infection without PIBO, and healthy children were asked to participate in the study in three pediatric pulmonology centers. Serum caspase-1, IL-18, IL-18BP, IL-18R, and INF-gamma levels were measured by ELISA and compared between the 3 groups. There were 21 children in the PIBO group, 16 children in the influenza group, and 39 children in the healthy control group. No differences in terms of age and gender between the 3 groups were found. IL-18 and IL-18BP levels were higher in the healthy control group (p = 0.018, p = 0.005, respectively). IL- 18R was higher in the PIBO group (p = 0.001) and caspase-1 was higher in the PIBO and influenza group than the healthy control group (p = 0.002). IFN-gamma levels did not differ between the 3 groups. IL-18BP/IL-18 was higher in the influenza group than the PIBO group and the healthy control group (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Caspase-1 level was increased in patients with PIBO which suggests that inflammasome activation may have a role in fibrosis; however, IL-18 level was found to be low. Mediators other than IL-18 may be involved in the inflammatory pathway in PIBO. Further immunological studies investigating inflammasome pathway are needed for PIBO with chronic inflammation.Öğe Clinical findings of patients with cystic fibrosis according to newborn screening results(Wiley, 2022) Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Asfuroglu, Pelin; Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Cakir, Erkan; Cobanoglu, Nazan; Pekcan, SevgiBackground Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal recessive genetic disease caused by loss of function associated with mutations in the CF trans-membrane conductance regulator. It is highly prevalent (approximately 1 in 3,500) in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to compare demographic and clinical features, diagnostic tests, treatments, and complications of patients with CF whose newborn screening (NBS) with twice-repeated immune reactive trypsinogen testing was positive, normal, and not performed. Methods In this study, 359 of all 1,488 CF patients recorded in the CF Registry of Turkey in 2018, who had been born through the process of NBS, were evaluated. Demographic and clinical features were compared in patients diagnosed with positive NBS (Group 1), normal (Group 2), or without NBS (Group 3). Results In Group 1, there were 299 patients, in Group 2, there were 40 patients, and in Group 3, there were 20 patients. Among all patients, the median age at diagnosis was 0.17 years. The median age at diagnosis was higher in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (P = 0.001). Fecal elastase results were higher in Group 2 (P = 0.033). The weight z-score was lower and chronic Staphylococcus aureus infection was more common in Group 3 (P = 0.017, P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions Frequency of growth retardation and chronic S. aureus infection can be reduced with an early diagnosis using NBS. In the presence of clinical suspicion in patients with normal NBS, further analyses such as genetic testing should be performed, especially to prevent missing patients with severe mutations.Öğe Early severe anemia as the first sign of cystic fibrosis(Springer, 2016) Sismanlar, Tugba; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Kose, Mehmet; Pekcan, Sevgi; Ezgu, Fatih Suheyl; Budakoglu, Isil Irem; Yenicesu, IdilSevere anemia is reported to occur rarely in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine the factors associated with early severe anemia in infants with CF. This study included 231 infants with CF from 3 pediatric CF centers ten year period that were retrospectively reviewed in terms of severe anemia as the first sign of CF. Factors that could affect anemia, such as age, pancreatic insufficiency, mutations, vitamin A and E, and albumin level were evaluated. Clinical and laboratory findings in CF patients that presented with severe anemia and no respiratory symptoms were compared to those in CF patients that did not present with severe anemia. Severe anemia as the first sign of CF was noted in 17 of 231 patients. Patient age, prolonged PT/INR and the albumin level differed significantly between the 2 groups of patients (P < 0.001). Feeding pattern, pancreatic insufficiency, vitamin E and A levels, and the types of genetic mutations did not differ between the 2 groups. The mean hemoglobin level was 5.59 +/- 0.21 g/dL and respiratory symptoms began a mean 6.3 months after diagnosis of CF in the anemia group. Conclusion: In early infancy severe anemia in the absence of respiratory symptoms can be the first sign of CF. CF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe anemia in infants. Anemia can occur several months before respiratory symptoms in patients with CF and may be caused due to several reasons.Öğe Evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of IRT/IRT protocol in the cystic fibrosis newborn screening program: 6-year experience of three tertiary centers(Springer, 2023) Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Asfuroglu, Pelin; Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Yilmaz, Asli Imran; Unal, Gokcen; Kibar, Busra SultanWe aimed to evaluate cutoff values of immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT)/IRT and determine relationship between IRT values and clinical characteristics of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study is cross-sectional study. Data of children with positive newborn screening (NBS) between 2015 and 2021 were evaluated in three pediatric pulmonology centers. Age at admission, sex, gestational age, presence of history of meconium ileus, parental consanguinity, sibling with CF, and doll-like face appearance, first and second IRT values, sweat chloride test, fecal elastase, fecal fat, biochemistry results, and age at CF diagnosis were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of IRT cutoff values were evaluated. Of 815 children with positive NBS, 58 (7.1%) children were diagnosed with CF. Median values of first and second IRT were 157.2 (103.7-247.6) and 113.0 (84.0-201.5) mu g/L. IRT values used in current protocol, sensitivity was determined as 96.6%, specificity as 17.2% for first IRT, and 96.6% sensitivity, 20.5% specificity for second IRT. Positive predictive value (PPV) was determined as 7.1%. When cutoff value for first IRT was estimated as 116.7 mu g/L, sensitivity was 69.0% and specificity was 69.6%, and when cutoff value was set to 88.7 mu g/L for second IRT, sensitivity was 69.0% and specificity was 69.0%. Area under curve was 0.757 for first and 0.763 for second IRT (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). PPV was calculated as 4.3%. Conclusion:Although sensitivity of CF NBS is high in our country, its PPV is significantly lower than expected from CF NBS programs. False-positive NBS results could have been overcome by revising NBS strategy.Öğe Misdiagnosis of Asthma May Delay the Post Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans Diagnosis(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2019) Onay, Zeynep Reyhan; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Kibar, Busra Sultan; Pekcan, Sevgi; Hangul, Melih[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Multicentric analysis of childhood tuberculosis in Turkey(Turkish J Pediatrics, 2013) Pekcan, Sevgi; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Kiper, Nural; Uysal, Gulnar; Gurkan, Fuat; Patiroglu, Turkan; Ozturk, MustafaOnly a few series of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) have been reported in the last 20 years. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiological, microbiological, and treatment characteristics of childhood TB. A total of 539 children with childhood TB diagnosed over a 12-year period (1994-2005) in 16 different centers in Turkey participated in the study. The medical records of all childhood TB patients were investigated. A total of 539 children (274 males, 265 females) with childhood TB aged 10 days-17 years participated in the study. Age distribution was nearly equal among all age groups. We detected the index case in 39.8% of the patients. More than one index case was detected in 17.3% of the patients. A minimum 15-mm induration is accepted on tuberculin skin test (TST) following Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. The TST was positive in 55.3% of the patients. Acid-fast bacillus smear was positive in 133, and polymerase chain reaction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was positive in 45 patients. In 75 patients (13.9%), cultures yielded M. tuberculosis. One hundred fifty-one patients (28%) did not present for follow-up, and families of 5 patients (0.9%) discontinued the treatment. Pulmonary TB (n=285) and meningeal TB (n=85) were the most frequent diseases. In 29% of the patients, there was poor adherence to treatment or patients were lost to follow-up. We have demonstrated that household contact screening procedures play a major and important role, especially considering the high ratio of cases with contact index cases. We also recommend that the positive TST values should be reviewed according to the local cut-off data and should be specified in as many countries as possible. In view of the considerably high percentages of patients lost to follow-up and treatment discontinuation observed in our study, we suggest that application of directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) is preferable.Öğe Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, and immunoreactive trypsinogen as early inflammatory biomarkers for cystic fibrosis in infancy: A retrospective cohort study(Wiley, 2023) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Asfuroglu, Pelin; Kunt, Nursima; Ersoy, Ali; Kose, Mehmet; Unal, GokcenBackgroundAirway inflammation starts in early life in cystic fibrosis (CF) and limited, objective markers are available to help identify infants with increased inflammation. We aimed to investigate neutrophil, lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) to be a possible inflammatory biomarker for CF in infancy. MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study in three centers. Between January 2015 and December 2022, children with CF newborn screening (NBS) positivity and diagnosed as CF were included in the study. Correlation analysis were performed with NLR, MPV, IRT and follow-up parameters such as z-scores, modified Shwachman-Kulczycki score (mSKS) at the first, second, third and sixth ages and pulmonary function test (PFT) at the sixth age. ResultsA total of 92 children with CF included in the study and 47.8% of them were female. There were no correlations between NLR, MPV and weight and height z-scores for all ages (p > 0.05), a negative correlation was found between MPV and body mass indexes (BMI) z-score at the age of 6 (r = -0.443, p = 0.038). No correlation was found between NLR, MPV and PFT parameters and mSKS at all ages (p > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between first IRT and BMI z-score at 6 years of age (r = -0.381, p = 0.046) and negative correlations between second IRT and weight and BMI z-score at the age of 6 (r = -0.462, p = 0.010; r = -0.437, p = 0.016, respectively). ConclusionHigher MPV and IRT levels during NBS period are associated with worse nutritional outcome which may reflect chronic inflammation. Children with higher MPV and IRT should be followed up closely in terms of chronic inflammation and nutritional status.Öğe Passive Smoking and Disease Severity in Childhood Pneumonia Under 5 Years of Age(Oxford Univ Press, 2020) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Kose, Mehmet; Pekcan, Sevgi; Hangul, Melih; Gulbahar, Ozlem; Cingirt, MehmetObjective: To objectively investigate the effect of passive smoking on pneumonia and disease severity in children aged less than 5 years by using cotinine as an indicator of passive smoking. Methods: Between December 2015 and April 2016, children aged less than 5 years with pneumonia and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study, which was conducted at three tertiary pediatric pulmonology centers. A questionnaire was given to the parents regarding demographic data and smoking status at home. Urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR) was measured. The data from the pneumonia and control groups, as well as children with mild and severe pneumonia within the pneumonia group, were compared. Results: A total of 227 subjects were included in the study; there were 74 children in the pneumonia group and 153 in the control group. The mean age of all the children was 33.461.28 months. Of all subjects, 140 were male and 102 were exposed to passive smoking by their parents at home. There were statistically significant differences in age, number of people in the home, and mother's and father's age between the control and pneumonia groups (p< 0.05). No difference was found in the CCR in the control and pneumonia group (p> 0.05). Age and urinary CCR were significantly different between children with mild and severe pneumonia (p< 0.05). Conclusion: We showed that passive smoking exposure was associated with the development of severe pneumonia in children. Further studies are needed to examine the underlying cause in detail.Öğe Progressive lung disease caused by ABCA3 mutation(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2020) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Onay, Zeynep Reyhan; Pekcan, Sevgi; Griese, Matthias[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Psychosocial status of primary caregivers of children with tracheostomy(European Respiratory Soc Journals Ltd, 2018) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Pekcan, Sevgi; Buyukkaya, Zeynep; Hangul, Melih; Kose, Mehmet[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe Pulmonary Embolism in Childhood: A Multicenter Experience from Turkey(Galenos Publ House, 2022) Hangul, Melih; Kose, Mehmet; Pekcan, Sevgi; Caliskan, Umran; Tokgoz, Huseyin; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Eyuboglu, Tugba SismanlarBackground: Pulmonary embolism is a clinical condition caused by the obstruction of the pulmonary artery and its branches with endogenous, exogenous embolism, or local thrombus formation. It is a rare but potentially life-threatening event in the pediatric population. Pediatric pulmonary embolism has many unknown characteristics.Aims: To evaluate clinical features, genetic and acquired risk factors, diagnostic imaging, and treatment strategies with long-term results in children with pulmonary embolism.Study Design: A retrospective multicenter clinical trialMethods: Patients aged 0-18 years who were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism with computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) findings (intraluminal filling defect in the lobar or main pulmonary artery) in 3 university hospitals between 2006 and 2021 were included in the study. A form was created for data standardization, and variables were collected retrospectively through medical record review. In addition to the features given above, we also evaluated in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis (ISPAT) and patients' Wells scores. Follow-up CTPA results were evaluated for patient response to treatment. Complete recovery means that there were no lesions, incomplete recovery if there was still embolism, and no response if there was no change.Results: Twenty-four patients (female:13, male:11) were included in the study. The mean age was 13.5 years. All patients but one had at least one or more genetic or acquired risk factors. Factor V Leiden mutation (16.6%) was the most common genetic risk factor. Six of 16 patients with Doppler ultrasonography were diagnosed with ISPAT because there was no sign of thromboembolic thrombosis. Nine (41.6%) patients had a Wells score of >4 (pulmonary embolism clinically strong), and 15 (58.4%) patients scored <4 (pulmonary embolism clinically likely weak), indicating that an alternative diagnosis was more likely than pulmonary embolism (sensitivity %37.5). The mean follow-up period was 23 (+/- 17) months. Complete and incomplete recovery was observed in 15 (62.5%) and 7 (29.1%) patients, respectively, among the patients who underwent follow-up evaluation. No response was obtained in 2 patients (8.3%) who died.Conclusion: The Wells scoring system seems insufficient to diagnose pulmonary embolism in children and should be improved by adding new parameters. ISPAT may be more common in children with congenital heart disease and systemic disease.Öğe Response to Letter to Editor: It takes a village to raise a child with a tracheostomy: Translating principles into practice(Wiley, 2023) Ramasli Gursoy, Tugba; Sismanlar Eyuboglu, Tugba; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Pekcan, Sevgi; Buyukkaya, Eda Zeynep; Hangul, Melih; Kose, Mehmet[Abstract Not Availabe]Öğe The success of the Cystic Fibrosis Registry of Turkey for improvement of patient care(Wiley, 2022) Asfuroglu, Pelin; Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Emiralioglu, Nagehan; Yalcin, Ebru; Kiper, NuralBackground Cystic fibrosis (CF) registries play an essential role in improving disease outcomes of people with CF. This study aimed to evaluate the association of newly established CF registry system in Turkey on follow-up, clinical, growth, treatment, and complications of people with this disease. Methods Age at diagnosis, current age, sex, z-scores of weight, height and body mass index (BMI), neonatal screening results, pulmonary function tests, history of meconium ileus, medications, presence of microorganisms, and follow-up were evaluated and compared to data of people with CF represented in both 2017 and 2019 registry data. Results There were 1170 people with CF in 2017 and 1637 in 2019 CF registry. Eight hundred and fourteen people were registered in both 2017 and 2019 of whom z-scores of heights and BMI were significantly higher in 2019 (p = 0.002, p =0.039, respectively). Inhaled hypertonic saline, bronchodilator, and azithromycin usages were significantly higher in 2019 (p =0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). The percent predicted of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and forced vital capacity were similar in 2017 and 2019 (88% and 89.5%, p = 0.248 and 84.5% and 87%, p =0.332, respectively). Liver diseases and osteoporosis were significantly higher, and pseudo-Bartter syndrome (PBS) was significantly lower in 2019 (p = 0.011, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions The z-scores of height and BMI were higher, the use of medications that protect and improve lung functions was higher and incidence of PBS was lower in 2019. It was predicted that registry system increased the care of people with CF regarding their follow-up. The widespread use of national CF registry system across the country may be beneficial for the follow-up of people with CF.Öğe Ten-year follow-up of children with hydatid cysts(Turkish Pediatrics Assoc, 2019) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Pekcan, Sevgi; Budakoglu, Isil IremAim: Hydatid cystic disease is an endemic parasitic disease that is common in the world. We aimed to review the demographic, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatments and outcomes of children with hydatid cyst disease, and to determine the factors affecting treatment response in two pediatric pulmonology centers in the central region of Turkey. Material and Methods: The clinical records of patients aged below 18 years who were followed up between January 2006 and December 2016 because of hydatid cyst disease were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' ages at the time of diagnosis, sexes, living areas (rural / urban), dog contact history, presence of hydatid cyst in other family members, symptoms, organs involved, dimensions of cysts, laboratory results, treatments and post treatment responses, follow-up, and outcomes were noted. Results: In a period of 10 years, 50 pediatric patients were followed up with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The mean age was 9.3 +/- 0.5 years and 33 (66%) of the patients were male. Fifteen patients were living in a rural area and 35 were living in an urban area. Fifteen patients had a history of contact with a dog and 10% had a positive family history. Thirty-six patients had lung involvement, 25 had liver involvement, 14 (28%) had both lung and liver involvement, and six patients had organ involvement other than lung and liver. The indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid cyst was positive in 24 of 40 patients and Echinococcus granulosus-specific IgE positivity was detected in 8 of 17 patients. Surgery was performed in 31 patients with lung involvement and PAIR was performed in 13 patients who had liver involvement. Cyst excision was performed in two patients who had isolated spinal involvement. All patients were treated with albendazole, and additional praziquantel treatment was given to seven patients. Relapse occurred in seven patients in this period. The relapse frequency was higher in patients who had organ involvement other than in the lung and liver (p<0.05), and these patients' treatment durations were longer compared with the others (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydatid cysts can involve different organs in children. Patients with organ involvement other than the lung and liver should be followed up carefully in terms of recurrence.Öğe Ten-year follow-up of children with hydatid cysts(Turkish Pediatrics Assoc, 2019) Eyuboglu, Tugba Sismanlar; Gursoy, Tugba Ramasli; Aslan, Ayse Tana; Pekcan, Sevgi; Budakoglu, Isil IremAim: Hydatid cystic disease is an endemic parasitic disease that is common in the world. We aimed to review the demographic, clinical and laboratory findings, and treatments and outcomes of children with hydatid cyst disease, and to determine the factors affecting treatment response in two pediatric pulmonology centers in the central region of Turkey. Material and Methods: The clinical records of patients aged below 18 years who were followed up between January 2006 and December 2016 because of hydatid cyst disease were reviewed retrospectively. The patients' ages at the time of diagnosis, sexes, living areas (rural / urban), dog contact history, presence of hydatid cyst in other family members, symptoms, organs involved, dimensions of cysts, laboratory results, treatments and post treatment responses, follow-up, and outcomes were noted. Results: In a period of 10 years, 50 pediatric patients were followed up with a diagnosis of hydatid cyst. The mean age was 9.3 +/- 0.5 years and 33 (66%) of the patients were male. Fifteen patients were living in a rural area and 35 were living in an urban area. Fifteen patients had a history of contact with a dog and 10% had a positive family history. Thirty-six patients had lung involvement, 25 had liver involvement, 14 (28%) had both lung and liver involvement, and six patients had organ involvement other than lung and liver. The indirect hemagglutination test for hydatid cyst was positive in 24 of 40 patients and Echinococcus granulosus-specific IgE positivity was detected in 8 of 17 patients. Surgery was performed in 31 patients with lung involvement and PAIR was performed in 13 patients who had liver involvement. Cyst excision was performed in two patients who had isolated spinal involvement. All patients were treated with albendazole, and additional praziquantel treatment was given to seven patients. Relapse occurred in seven patients in this period. The relapse frequency was higher in patients who had organ involvement other than in the lung and liver (p<0.05), and these patients' treatment durations were longer compared with the others (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hydatid cysts can involve different organs in children. Patients with organ involvement other than the lung and liver should be followed up carefully in terms of recurrence.Öğe Unfinished battle with childhood tuberculosis: is it curable with less drugs and shorter duration?(Turkish Assoc Tuberculosis & Thorax, 2013) Cinel, Guzin; Kiper, Nural; Pekcan, Sevgi; Koyun, Mustafa; Kose, Mehmet; Cobanoglu, Nazan; Aslan, Ayse TanaIntroduction: Tuberculosis is still a global health problem all over the world despite its mortality has been decreased with effective treatment regimens. Poor treatment adherence, acquired drug resistance, treatment failure and relapse are the major problems during the course of the tuberculosis treatment. Intermittent regimens have the advantages of reducing the side effects and the cost of the therapy and increasing the adherence, especially in resource-limited areas; and have been documented to be as effective as daily regimen in the paediatric population. In this study, we compared the results of 6-month and 9-month intermittent-therapy regimens with two drugs, given to the children with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis at our hospital. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifteen patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis other than meningitis, who had been given intermittent anti-tuberculosis therapy between 1986 and 2001, were evaluated retrospectively. Fifty one patients were given isoniazid and rifampin daily for 15 days, followed by the same drugs and doses twice weekly for a total of 9-months. Also, 64 patients were treated with the same regimen for a total of 6-months. Results: Clinical recovery was observed in 75% and 79% of pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the first month of therapy in group 1 (9-month group) and group 2 (6-month group), respectively. Radiological recovery was noted between 0-6 months in 81% of the patients in group 1 and 86% of the patients in group 2. According to the clinical and radiological recovery times, no significant difference was detected between the two groups (p>0.05). Similar results had been observed in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (p>0.05). Follow-up periods ranged from 7 months to 15 years. There was no case of early relapse. Late relapse was noted in 4 patients, who had been received 9-month therapy (group 1). Conclusion: Six-month intermittent therapy with two drugs is as efficacious as 9-month intermittent-therapy in childhood pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, other than meningitis.