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Accumulation of Micropollutants in Aqueous Media and Sediment, A Risk Assessment for Konya Main Drainage Channel, Turkey
(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2019) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, Arzu; Bahadir, Mufit
Human activities increase types and numbers of synthetic pollutants and their byproducts in the course of time. Synthetic Organic Chemicals (SOCs), so called micropollutants, present in very low concentrations in aquatic ecosystem, but likely accumulate in animal and human tissues and cells because of fat solubility. These persistent micropollutants have toxic effects in very low concentrations and resistant to biodegradation. SOCs can be adsorbed to sediments in surface water sources, so sediments have an important role in the accumulation of water contaminants. In the course of time, sediments become source of new contamination for aqueous media. In this study, it is aimed to determine concentration of two groups of SOCs; organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorous pesticides (OPPs) in wastewater, surface sediment and excavated sediment samples taken from Konya Main Drainage Channel (MDC) which takes the effluents of Konya Wastewater Treatment Plant and transports the treated wastewater to Salt Lake.
Antibiotics in hospital effluents: occurrence, contribution to urban wastewater, removal in a wastewater treatment plant, and environmental risk assessment
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, Havva
The study presented the occurrence of antibiotics in 16 different hospital effluents, the removal of antibiotics in urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), and the potential ecotoxicological risks of the effluent discharge on the aquatic ecosystem. The total concentration of antibiotics in hospital effluents was ranged from 21.2 +/- 0.13 to 4886 +/- 3.80ng/L in summer and from 497 +/- 3.66 to 322,735 +/- 4.58ng/L in winter. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, and ciprofloxacin were detected the highest concentrations among the investigated antibiotics. The total antibiotic load to the influent of the WWTP from hospitals was 3.46g/day in summer and 303.2g/day in winter. The total antibiotic contribution of hospitals to the influent of the WWTP was determined as 13% in summer and 28% in winter. The remaining 87% in summer and 72% in winter stems from the households. The total antibiotic removal by conventional physical and biological treatment processes was determined as 79% in summer, whereas it decreased to 36% in winter. When the environmental risk assessment was performed, azithromycin and clarithromycin in the effluent from the treatment plant in winter posed a high risk (RQ>10) for the aquatic organisms (algae and fish) in the receiving environment. According to these results, the removal efficiency of antibiotics at the WWTP is inadequate and plant should be improved to remove antibiotics by advanced treatment processes.
Application of simple and low-cost toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Tongur, Sueheyla; Kara, Gulnihal; Kolb, Marit; Bahadir, Muefit
The objective of this study was to identify and to apply appropriate biotests having the advantages of being highly sensitive, easy to run, relatively inexpensive and able to substitute fish toxicity tests due to ethical reasons of animal welfare. To perform an ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters, different microbiotests were conducted to substitute the fish toxicity test with Lebistes reticulatus through Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Lemna minor and Lepidium sativum representing different trophic levels in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also, Algaltox F-TM with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Protox F-TM with Tetrahymena thermophila tests were carried out. However, they could not be applied successfully for the wastewater samples. Wastewater samples from seven different industrial zones comprising different industries were subjected to characterization through measuring their physical-chemical parameters and their toxicity versus the above-mentioned organisms. T. platyurus, D. magna and L. reticulatus were the most sensitive test organisms investigated for the wastewaters. Considering toxic unit values, generally wastewater samples were toxic according to Thamnotox F-TM, Daphtox F-TM and fish toxicity tests. As an important outcome, it was concluded that Daphtox F-TM and Thamnotox F-TM could be a good alternative for the fish toxicity test, which is so far the sole toxicity test accepted by the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.
Artificial intelligence-based approaches to evaluate and optimize phytoremediation potential of in vitro regenerated aquatic macrophyte Ceratophyllum demersum L.
(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Aasim, Muhammad; Ali, Seyid Amjad; Aydin, Senar; Bakhsh, Allah; Sogukpinar, Canan; Karatas, Mehmet; Khawar, Khalid Mahmood
Water bodies or aquatic ecosystem are susceptible to heavy metal accumulation and can adversely affect the environment and human health especially in underdeveloped nations. Phytoremediation techniques of water bodies using aquatic plants or macrophytes are well established and are recognized as eco-friendly world over. Phytoremediation of heavy metals and other pollutants in aquatic environments can be achieved by using Ceratophyllum demersum L. - a well-known floating macrophyte. In vitro regenerated plants of C. demersum (7.5 g/L) were exposed to 24, 72, and 120 h to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/L of cadmium (CdSO4 & BULL;8H(2)O) in water. Results revealed significantly different relationship in terms of Cd in water, Cd uptake by plants, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and Cd removal (%) from water. The study showed that Cd uptake by plants and BCF values increased significantly with exposure time. The highest BCF value (3776.50) was recorded for plant samples exposed to 2 mg/L Cd for 72 h. Application of all Cd concentrations and various exposure duration yielded Cd removal (%) between the ranges of 93.8 and 98.7%. These results were predicted through artificial intelligence-based models, namely, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The tested models predicted the results accurately, and the attained results were further validated via three different performance metrics. The optimal regression coefficient (R-2) for the models was recorded as 0.7970 (Cd water, mg/L), 0.9661 (Cd plants, mg/kg), 0.9797 bioconcentration factor (BCF), and 0.9996 (Cd removal, %), respectively. These achieved results suggest that in vitro regenerated C. demersum can be efficaciously used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated aquatic environments. Likewise, the proposed modeling of phytoremediation studies can further be employed more comprehensively in future studies aimed at data prediction and optimization.
DETERMINATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN URBAN WASTEWATER
(Health & Environment Assoc, 2016) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Kilic, Havva; Tekinay, Arzu
In this study, anti-inflammatory drugs including diclofenac (DICLO), ibuprofen (IBUP), naproxen (NAPROX), ketoprofen (KETOP), mefenamic acid (MEFEN. ACID) were determined in wastewaters and environmental risk level was evaluated using obtained results. Analytical method for determination of anti-inflammatory in wastewater was optimized. The detection of anti-inflammatory was carried out by HPLC/MS-MS. Wastewater samples were taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant input and output. DICLO, IBUP, NAPROX, KETOP, and MEFEN ACID were determined between 35.8-533,
Determination of antibiotics by SPE-LC-MS/MS in wastewater and risk assessment
(Techno-Press, 2018) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet E.; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, Havva
In this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters and
Determination of antibiotics by SPE-LC-MS/MS in wastewater and risk assessment
(Techno-Press, 2018) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet E.; Ulvi, Arzu; Kilic, Havva
In this study, conditions of solid phase extraction (SPE) for determination of some antibiotics such as trimethoprim, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, clarithromycin, azythromycin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, chlortetracycline, sulfamethoxazole in wastewaters were optimized. After the optimum volume and pH of the sample were determined, the effect of the concentration of the compounds and matrix were investigated. The highest recovery rates for antibiotic compounds were determined between 82% and 105% in 200 mL sample volume and pH 2.5. Then, antibiotic compounds were investigated in influent and effluent samples taken from Konya Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant. The concentration of the antibiotics was detected range of 0.11-101 ng/L in influent waters and
DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN INDOOR DUST
(Health & Environment Assoc, 2016) Kunt, Fatma; Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
Indoor air quality which is an important indicator of public health, affects not only human health but also sequence quality of the life which is significantly more important. Therefore, the monitoring and controlling of indoor air quality is important as well as outdoor air quality. This study aims to determine how the amount of heavy metal pollution in indoor dust. Factors such as the living close to a major road (in terms of polluters being emitted from traffic), heating source kind, the number of students in the class, wall paint kind of the wall are taken into account when selecting samples in order to be taken as points. Different points of samples needs to be taken from various points, such as the window edge, aerators, ladders, class board, and after the solubilization process, heavy metal concentrations will be determined by using the device of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
Development of biofilm collectors as passive samplers in sewerage systems-a novel wastewater monitoring method
(Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Senar; Koyuncu, Serdar; Genuit, Gerhard; Bahadir, Muefit
In this study, a novel wastewater sampling method based on biofilm collection on a multi-armed polyethylene strips (so called Octopus) is proposed. The implementation of this method is a step forward to prevent illegal industrial discharges into sewerage systems and receiving water bodies. Prior applications of biofilm collection were performed in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1994. The success of the method encouraged other municipalities to apply this method for monitoring indirect discharges into sewerage systems. Municipality of Konya, Turkey, started to use the method in 2013. Continuous monitoring has been performed for the determination of regulated heavy metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd). Unauthorized discharges of Cr, Zn and Ni were identified in Konya by performing sewerage slime tests through biofilm analyses. 2686 mg/kg d.m. Cr, 3949 mg/kg d.m. Zn and 3300 mg/kg d.m. Ni were highest values determined for biofilm samples taken from monitoring sites. In this paper, the principles of the method will be introduced, and findings from the wastewater of Konya City will be given in comparison with findings from Bielefeld, Germany. Conducted results reveal high (and likely illegal) heavy metal discharges into the sewerage system in Konya. The continuous monitoring of sewerage systems with biofilm collectors is an effective and efficient method for point source control of wastewater pollutants.
Effective removal of selected pharmaceuticals from sewerage treatment plant effluent using natural clay (Na-montmorillonite)
(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Aydin, Senar; Karakaya, Muazzez Celik; Karakaya, Necati; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
The consumption of pharmaceuticals has rapidly increased on a global scale due to the serious increase in Covid-19, influenza and respiratuar sinsityal virus, which is called triple epidemic in the world. The use of non-prescription analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (AAIDs), especially paracetamol, is higher compared to pre-pandemic. This increased the AAIDs load discharged to the aqueous media through sewerage treatment plant (STP). Therefore, simple and effective treatment options for removing AAIDs from STP effluents are needed. The aim of the study was to remove AAIDs (paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and phenylbutazone) from STP effluents by nearly pure natural clay Na-montmorillonite. The Na-montmorillonite taken from the Ordu region in the northern part of Turkey. Surface area of the Na-montmorillonite is 99.58 m(2)/g and CEC is 92.40 meq/100 g. The removal efficiencies of AAIDs using Na-montmorillonite were between 82 +/- 5% (ibuprofen) and 94 +/- 4% (naproxen). Paracetamol was used as a model compound in kinetic and isotherm model studies. Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo second order kinetic model were the best-fit using the obtained experimental data. Film diffusion governed its rate mechanism. The paracetamol adsorption capacity was acquired as 244 mg/g at 120 min contact time at pH 6.5 at 25 degrees C. With this study, it could be shown that montmorillonite can be used effectively to eliminate paracetamol from STP effluent. Natural clay can be used as a simple, inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing AAIDs from STP effluents.
Effects of long-term irrigation with untreated municipal wastewater on soil properties and crop quality
(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Tor, Ali; Tekinay, Arzu; Kolb, Marit; Bahadir, Muefit
Irrigating crops with untreated wastewater leads to elevated concentrations of heavy metals both in soil and cultivated crops. The current study was designed to determine heavy metal (i.e., Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg) accumulation in Konya soils in selected nine sites irrigated with wastewater for over 40 years. Non-irrigated soil samples and soil samples irrigated with well water were taken as control samples. Transport of these pollutants to the wheat samples cultivated in the investigated site was also examined. The obtained results reveal that high alkaline properties and clay structure of Konya soil reduce the mobility of contaminants and cause accumulation in the top layer of soil. Intense effect of wastewater irrigation on soil EC was determined. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Hg in wastewater irrigated soil were 5.32, 37.1, 31.5, 11.4, 91.5, 134, and 0.34 mg kg(-1), respectively. Wastewater irrigated soils were strongly polluted by means of Cd (8.23-11.6 mg kg(-1)) and moderately to strongly polluted by means of Ni (47.7-134 mg kg(-1)), exceeding Maximum Admissible Concentrations for Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils and Sewage Sludge Regulation limit values of Turkey. Maximum concentrations found for Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni in wastewater irrigated wheat grain were 8.44, 1.30, 9.10, n.d, 29.31, and 0.94 mg kg(-1), respectively. Besides, Hg was not detected in any samples of wheat grain. Based on the regulation of Turkish Food Codex, Pb contamination in wheat samples grown in the sampling site was evidenced.
Efficient Removal of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Sewage Treatment Plant Effluents Using Magnetite Nanoparticles Synthesized Red Mud
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Beduek, Fatma; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
Due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the consumption of pharmaceuticals, especially paracetamol, has sharply increased on a global scale. The increasing concentration of analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs (AAIDs) in the aquatic medium is a global problem for human and aquatic life. Therefore, simple and effective treatment options for removing AAIDs from wastewater after the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The removal of AAIDs (acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, naproxen, and phenylbutazone) from sewage treatment plant (STP) effluents by the prepared magnetite nanoparticles synthesized from red mud (mNPs-RM) is presented for the first time in this study. The removal efficiencies of AAIDs onto mNPs-RM were determined to be between 90% (diclofenac) and 100% (naproxen, codeine, and indomethacin). Acetaminophen (paracetamol) was used as a model compound in kinetic and isotherm model studies. The adsorption of acetaminophen was matched well with the pseudo second order kinetic model. Film diffusion governed its rate mechanism. The Freundlich isotherm model preferably fitted the adsorption data with an adsorption capacity of 370 mg/g at 120 min contact time at pH 7.0 at 25 degrees C. Furthermore, the regenerated mNPs-RM were used four times without affecting the adsorption capacity and the magnetic separability. mNPs-RM can be used as a simple, inexpensive and effective adsorbent for removing AAIDs from STP effluents. Also, low cost adsorbent obtained from industrial waste could be employed to replace the high cost activated carbons for the adsorption of other micro pollutants in STP effluents.
Fate of selected pharmaceuticals in hospital and municipal wastewater effluent: occurrence, removal, and environmental risk assessment
(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
The concentrations and distribution of beta-blockers, lipid regulators, and psychiatric and cancer drugs in the influent and effluent of the municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the effluent of 16 hospitals that discharge into the wastewater treatment plant mentioned in this study at two sampling dates in summer and winter were examined. The pharmaceutical contribution of hospitals to municipal wastewater was determined. The removal of target pharmaceuticals was evaluated in a WWTP consisting of conventional biological treatment using activated sludge. Additionally, the potential environmental risk for the aquatic receiving environments (salt lake) was assessed. Beta-blockers and psychiatric drugs were detected in high concentrations in the wastewater samples. Atenolol (919 ng/L) from beta-blockers and carbamazepine (7008 ng/L) from psychiatric pharmaceuticals were detected at the highest concentrations in hospital wastewater. The total pharmaceutical concentration determined at the WWTP influent and effluent was between 335 and 737 ng/L in summer and between 174 and 226 ng/L in winter. The concentrations detected in hospital effluents are higher than the concentrations detected in WWTP. The total pharmaceutical contributions from hospitals to the WWTP in summer and winter were determined to be 2% and 4%, respectively. Total pharmaceutical removal in the WWTP ranged from 23 to 54%. According to the risk ratios, atenolol could pose a high risk (risk quotient > 10) for fish in summer and winter. There are different reasons for the increase in pharmaceutical consumption in recent years. One of these reasons is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has been going on for 2 years. In particular, hospitals were operated at full capacity during the pandemic, and the occurrence and concentration of pharmaceuticals used for the therapy of COVID-19 patients has increased in hospital effluent. Pandemic conditions have increased the tendency of people to use psychiatric drugs. It is thought that beta-blocker consumption has increased due to cardiovascular diseases caused by COVID-19. Therefore, the environmental risk of pharmaceuticals for aquatic organisms in hospital effluent should be monitored and evaluated.
Monitoring and ecological risk of illegal drugs before and after sewage treatment in an area
(Springer, 2022) Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
In this study, the occurrence of illicit drugs and their metabolites in the sewerage systems and in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey, was presented. The drug removal efficiencies of the central WWTP were investigated. Potential ecotoxicological risks for algae, fish, and Daphnia magna in the receiving environments were also evaluated. The highest estimated mean illicit drug use was obtained for cannabis (marijuana) at 280 +/- 12 mg/day/1000 inhabitants and 430 +/- 20 g/day/1000 inhabitants (15-64 years). Amphetamine was found to be the second most consumed drug of abuse. While cannabis and ecstasy consumption values were higher during the weekend, cocaine use dominated on weekdays. The removal efficiencies for THC-COOH and THC-OH were 100% in the WWTP. The average removal of cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, and methadone varied between 46 +/- 7 and 87 +/- 3%. The maximum concentration level of MDMA found can pose some low risk for Daphnia magna. The rest of the compounds detected in effluents did not show any toxic effects on fish, Daphnia magna, or algae. However, when the cumulative estimated risk quotient values were evaluated, there might be a low risk for Daphnia magna and algae in the receiving environment.
Monitoring the release of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in the receiving environment
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Ulvi, Arzu
The occurrence of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals (AIAPs) in the effluents of 16 hospitals, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the contribution and mass load of each hospital to WWTP influent, and the removal efficiencies in WWTP were investigated. Environmental risk was also evaluated by toxicity tests using organisms from three different trophic levels. Acetaminophen had the highest concentration in summer and winter samples, followed by ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The total daily load of AIAPs detected in influent of WWTP was 1677 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in summer and 5074 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in winter. The contribution of 16 hospitals to the total AIAP load in influent of WWTP was 11.30% in summer and 7.09% in winter. The highest mass loads were calculated as 203 mg/bed.day in general hospital in summer and 300 mg/bed.day in pediatric hospital in winter. The removal efficiencies of AIAPs in WWTP ranged between 13% and 100% in summer and 0.88% and 99% in winter. WWTP is not sufficient to remove all the AIAPs. Diclofenac (in summer), mefenamic acid, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone exhibited poor removal below 50%. The effluents of the WWTP exhibited a low risk for fish and Daphnia magna and an insignificant risk for algae.
OCCURRENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF ?-BLOCKERS IN URBAN WASTEWATER
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Tekinay, Arzu; Kilic, Havva
In this study, the analytical method optimization for analysis of (beta-blockers including metoprolol (MET), propranolol (PRO), atenolol (ATE), sotalol (STL), timolol (TML) in wastewater were carried out. The effect of various parameters such as sample volume, pH, concentration, matrix and pre-treatment procedure was studied in order to find out the optimum conditions for their determination in SPE system. The presence of the compounds in Konya urban wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent samples was investigated and the eco-toxicological risk assessment was carried out. The extraction of the samples was performed with SPE system using Oasis HLB cartridges. The concentrations of the target compounds were determined using a liquid chromatograph equipped with MS-MS detector. STL, ATE, MET, PRO, TML were determined in the range of 43.5-468, 278-465, 28.3-92,
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN HUMAN MILK SAMPLES
(Health & Environment Assoc, 2016) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma
This study aims to determine levels of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) contamination in human milk. Human milk samples were taken from 45 healthy mothers living in the Konya area for at least 5 years. General demographic characteristics of mothers were determined in the means of age, diet, smoking habit, occupational exposure etc. Sample extraction was performed by vortex and cleaned up by column chromatography. OCPs (alpha-, beta-, gamma- and dhexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, p, p'-DDE, p, p'-DDD, p, p'-DDT, methoxychlor, chlordane I, chlordane II) analyses of the extracts were carried out using gas chromatography micro electron capture detector (GC/mu-ECD, Agilent 6890N, Agilent Technologies, CA, USA). Recovery ratios were between 70+/-5 % and 109+/-5%. The mean age of mothers was 28.2. The lipid content of the milk samples was ranged from 0.43 to 6.47% (average 2.20%). Mean total OCPs concentration was determined as 371.2+/-34.57 ng/g lipid. Dieldrin was determined in highest concentration (155.35+/-406 ng/g lipid). Total mean HCH (alpha, beta, gamma, delta), DDT (p, p-DDE, p, p-DDD, p, p-DDT), heptachlor (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide), endosulfan (endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate), endrin (endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone) were determined 42.45, 37.13, 14.54, 37.13 and 62.49 ng/g lipid, respectively. OCPs concentrations determined in this work were below the values reported in similar works carried out in Turkey and in the World.
Organohalogenated pollutants in raw and UHT cow's milk from Turkey: a risk assessment of dietary intake
(Springer Heidelberg, 2019) Aydin, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma; Ulvi, Arzu
In this study, health risk of human exposure to organohalogenated pollutants (OHPs) through milk consumption was determined. Conventionally produced, unprocessed cow's milk samples taken from Konya District, in Turkey, and 15 different brand ultra-high-temperature (UHT) processed cow's milk samples taken from supermarkets of Turkey were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs, -, -, -, and -HCHs, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, aldrin + dieldrin, methoxychlor), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, PCB 28, 52, 101, 153, 138, and 180), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, PBDE 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154 congeners). Estimated daily intake (EDI) values calculated for both adults and children consuming raw or UHT milk were determined to exceed maximum residue limits (MRLs) set for -HCH, Sigma Heptachlor, and endrin. EDI values also exceeded admissible daily intake (ADI) values given for Sigma HCH, Sigma Heptachlor, Sigma Endrin aldrin + dieldrin, and Sigma PCBs. p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio was 1 or higher for 66% of the milk samples, which is an indication of sustaining illegal use of DDT. A health risk is determined for dietary intake of OHPs via consumption of milk.
Persistent Organic Pollutants in Sewage Sludge: Occurrence, Temporal Concentration Variation and Risk Assessment for Sewage Sludge Amended Soils
(Korean Society Of Civil Engineers-Ksce, 2023) Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Senar; Ulvi, Arzu; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
In this study, the occurrences, temporal concentration variations and ecotoxicological risks were determined for 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); 7 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 18 selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the anaerobically digested sewage sludge samples obtained from a conventional wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Konya, Turkey. Flowrate of the evaluated WWTP was 200,000 m(3)/day, with the production of 140 tons/day treated sewage sludge. Total 18 PAHs were in the range of 1,203 - 17,599 & mu;g/kg of dry matter (dm); total PCBs were in the range of 51.26 - 561.37 & mu;g/kg dm, and total OCPs were in the range of 4.90 - 13.11 & mu;g/kg dm. The highest concentrations were determined for fluoranthene among PAHs, with 2445 & mu;g/kg dm, PCB118 congener with 514 & mu;g/kg dm, and & delta;-HCH among OCPs with 2.44 & mu;g/kg dm. Considering the average daily production amounts of treated sludge, the highest mass loads were 1,785 g/day for total PAHs; 79 g/day for total PCBs; and 1 - 2 g/day for total OCPs, while the annual mass load was estimated to be approximately 7.3 kg. An ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed by estimation of risk quotients (RQs). High risk for soil ecosystem was identified due to PAHs and PCBs ingredient of sludge, while lower risk was determined for OCPs compounds. The highest RQ values were determined for pyrene (RQ: 1337) among PAHs, PCB118 congener (RQ: 7608), and & gamma;-HCH (RQ: 5.23) among OCPs. Findings of this study show that sewage sludge can be an important source in the spread of persistent pollutants to the environment, and may pose a risk for soil ecosystem.
PESTICIDE POLLUTION IN SOIL AND WHEAT: RISK ASSESSMENT OF CONTAMINATED FOOD CONSUMPTION
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Tekinay, Arzu; Bahadir, Mufit
In this study, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) contamination of wheat cultivated in Konya region and soils of this region were determined. Health risk caused by the consumption of pesticide contaminated wheat was assessed. Totally, 30 soil samples and 21 wheat samples taken from the field and trade center were analyzed for OCPs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, methoxychlor) and OPPs (malathion, parathion, methyl-parathion, chlorpyrifos, diazinon). Determinations of OCPs and OPPs were carried out with a GC/MSD (GC, Agilent 6890 N, MSD, Agilent 5973). Maximum concentrations of OCPs in soil samples were found for Sigma HCHs (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, delta-HCH) and Sigma endosulfan (endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate) in the range of 8.74 - 71.8 ng g(-1) and 1.99 - 112 ng g(-1), respectively. Malathion and chlorpyrifos were the predominant OPPs in soil and wheat samples. Maximum concentrations of malathion and chlorpyrifos in soil samples were 222 ng g(-1) and 556 ng g(-1), respectively. Maximum total OCPs and total OPPs in the grain were 2.32 mu g g(-1) and 15.4 mu g g(-1), respectively. Sigma DDT was found in the range of 20 60 ng g(-1) in grain samples. Trade center samples exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) of Turkish Food Codex (TFC) given for beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, Sigma HCH, dieldrin and chlorpyrifos, and field samples exceeded MRL given for a-HCH, beta-HCH, Sigma HCH, Sigma endosulfan, Sigma heptachlor, and all OPP compounds. There is an acute and chronic consumer health risk due to the consumption of pesticide contaminated wheat, on the basis of aHI and HQ calculation. Besides, prohibited pesticides are obviously still being used in the area.

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