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    The effect of anxiety on nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Wiley, 2022) Ayran, Gulsun; Kose, Semra; Kucukoglu, Sibel; Ozdemir, Aynur Aytekin
    Purpose This study investigated the effect of anxiety on nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design and Methods This was a descriptive and correlational study. The sample consisted of 503 university students in Turkey. Data were collected online using a demographic characteristics form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Findings FTND scores differed by gender, family type, and grade level, while STAI scores differed by gender, income, and region of residence (p < 0.05). Fifty-one percent of the participants had moderate anxiety, while 65.2% had low nicotine dependence. FTND and STAI mean scores were strongly correlated (p < 0.05). Practical Implications The higher the anxiety, the higher the nicotine dependence among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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    Hand hygiene and mask-wearing behaviors and the related factors during the COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study with secondary school students in Turkey
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2022) Ayran, Gulsun; Kose, Semra; Sarialioglu, Arzu; Celebioglu, Ayda
    Purpose: The research was conducted to determine the hand hygiene and mask-wearing behaviors and related factors of secondary school students in the COVID-19 pandemic process. Design and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March 02-April 022021 with 1284 students who continued their secondary education in a province in the east of Turkey. The data were col-lected face-to-face through the Descriptive Characteristics Form, the Mask-Wearing Behavior Form, and the Hand Hygiene Behavior Form. Percentage, mean, t -test in independent groups, Mann Whitney U test and Multi-ple Regression analysis were used in the evaluation of the data. Ethical principles were observed at all stages of the study. Results: It was determined that 80.1% of the students used disposable medical masks, 62.1% of their parents chose a mask suitable for the age of the student, and 52.1% used the mask they wore all day long. It was found that 41.4% of the students washed their hands before wearing a mask, and 51.9% after wearing a mask. It was determined that there was a significant relationship between students mask-wearing behavior and gender, and hand hy-giene behavior and gender, grade level, previous training on hand-washing and mask-wearing. As a result of mul-tiple regression analysis, it was found that gender and mothers occupation had a statistically significant effect on mask-wearing behavior, while gender and previous training on mask-wearing had a statistically significant effect on hand-washing behavior. Conclusions/practice implications: Students exhibited correct behaviors regarding hand hygiene and mask-wearing, but some misbehaviors suggest that training is necessary, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic period. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.