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    Acute long-distance trail running increases serum IL-6, IL-15, and Hsp72 levels
    (Canadian Science Publishing, Nrc Research Press, 2019) Yargic, Melda Pelin; Torgutalp, Seyma; Akin, Senay; Babayeva, Naila; Torgutalp, Murat; Demirel, Haydar Ali
    Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15, and heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) are molecules that have significant metabolic effects on glucose and fat metabolism and a cell's stress response. The aim of this study is to determine serum levels of these molecules in runners after a long-distance trail run. Serum IL-15 levels after such endurance events have not been investigated yet. Blood samples were collected from 37 athletes (11 female, 26 male) before and after a 35-km trail run, with a total climb of 940 m. Serum was obtained from the samples, and IL-6, IL-15, and Hsp72 levels were measured from using the sandwich ELISA method. The athletes completed the race in 308.3 +/- 37.4 min on average. After the race, the mean serum IL-6, IL-15, and Hsp72 concentrations increased 13.2-fold, 2.22-fold, and 1.6-fold, respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.039, respectively). This is the first study to demonstrate the increase in serum IL-15 levels following an acute endurance exercise. In addition to IL-15, we report that IL-6 and soluble Hsp72 levels also increased significantly following a 35-km trail run. Since these molecules are involved in regulating glucose and fat metabolism, significant increases of IL-6, IL-15, and soluble Hsp72 may have health benefits that may be associated with long-distance trail runs, which are becoming more popular worldwide.
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    Participation trends and performance analysis of Turkey's long-distance runs between 2007-2017
    (Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2019) Yargic, Melda Pelin; Babayeva, Naila; Iyisoy, Mehmet Sinan; Kurklu, Galip Bilen; Donmez, Gurhan
    Backgroung: Long-distance running events have gained more popularity worldwide over years. However, the number of participants to such events, age and sex distribution of participants may vary by country. Material and methods: We have investigated participation trends and performances of the finishers of three different courses (15km, half-marathon, marathon) in two of the biggest running events in Turkey (the Antalya and Istanbul marathons) between 2007-2017. Results: Our results have shown that runners who completed the 15km course were the highest and marathon finishers were the lowest in number each year. Among native runners, male participation in each distance and event is higher than female participation. Native female marathon finishers increased only by 0.23% in 6 years. In all distances, women run at a lower average speed than men each year. Between 2007-2017, the mean average speed of women were 9.10km/h (+/- 0.18), 9.71km/h (+/- 1.62) and 9.72km/h (+/- 1.73) and the mean average speed of men were 10.45km/h (+/- 2.02), 10.89km/h (+/- 1.83) and 10.40km/h (+/- 1.80) at 15km, 21km and 42km respectively. Conclusions: An important sex gap was observed in participation in long-distance runs in Turkey, which is more pronounced in marathons. Performance analysis showed that females' mean average speed is lower than males' in all distances.