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    Application of simple and low-cost toxicity tests for ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Tongur, Sueheyla; Kara, Gulnihal; Kolb, Marit; Bahadir, Muefit
    The objective of this study was to identify and to apply appropriate biotests having the advantages of being highly sensitive, easy to run, relatively inexpensive and able to substitute fish toxicity tests due to ethical reasons of animal welfare. To perform an ecotoxicological assessment of industrial wastewaters, different microbiotests were conducted to substitute the fish toxicity test with Lebistes reticulatus through Vibrio fischeri, Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna, Lemna minor and Lepidium sativum representing different trophic levels in the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Also, Algaltox F-TM with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Protox F-TM with Tetrahymena thermophila tests were carried out. However, they could not be applied successfully for the wastewater samples. Wastewater samples from seven different industrial zones comprising different industries were subjected to characterization through measuring their physical-chemical parameters and their toxicity versus the above-mentioned organisms. T. platyurus, D. magna and L. reticulatus were the most sensitive test organisms investigated for the wastewaters. Considering toxic unit values, generally wastewater samples were toxic according to Thamnotox F-TM, Daphtox F-TM and fish toxicity tests. As an important outcome, it was concluded that Daphtox F-TM and Thamnotox F-TM could be a good alternative for the fish toxicity test, which is so far the sole toxicity test accepted by the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation.
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    Development of biofilm collectors as passive samplers in sewerage systems-a novel wastewater monitoring method
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2020) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Beduk, Fatma; Aydin, Senar; Koyuncu, Serdar; Genuit, Gerhard; Bahadir, Muefit
    In this study, a novel wastewater sampling method based on biofilm collection on a multi-armed polyethylene strips (so called Octopus) is proposed. The implementation of this method is a step forward to prevent illegal industrial discharges into sewerage systems and receiving water bodies. Prior applications of biofilm collection were performed in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1994. The success of the method encouraged other municipalities to apply this method for monitoring indirect discharges into sewerage systems. Municipality of Konya, Turkey, started to use the method in 2013. Continuous monitoring has been performed for the determination of regulated heavy metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd). Unauthorized discharges of Cr, Zn and Ni were identified in Konya by performing sewerage slime tests through biofilm analyses. 2686 mg/kg d.m. Cr, 3949 mg/kg d.m. Zn and 3300 mg/kg d.m. Ni were highest values determined for biofilm samples taken from monitoring sites. In this paper, the principles of the method will be introduced, and findings from the wastewater of Konya City will be given in comparison with findings from Bielefeld, Germany. Conducted results reveal high (and likely illegal) heavy metal discharges into the sewerage system in Konya. The continuous monitoring of sewerage systems with biofilm collectors is an effective and efficient method for point source control of wastewater pollutants.
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    Effects of long-term irrigation with untreated municipal wastewater on soil properties and crop quality
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Tor, Ali; Tekinay, Arzu; Kolb, Marit; Bahadir, Muefit
    Irrigating crops with untreated wastewater leads to elevated concentrations of heavy metals both in soil and cultivated crops. The current study was designed to determine heavy metal (i.e., Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Hg) accumulation in Konya soils in selected nine sites irrigated with wastewater for over 40 years. Non-irrigated soil samples and soil samples irrigated with well water were taken as control samples. Transport of these pollutants to the wheat samples cultivated in the investigated site was also examined. The obtained results reveal that high alkaline properties and clay structure of Konya soil reduce the mobility of contaminants and cause accumulation in the top layer of soil. Intense effect of wastewater irrigation on soil EC was determined. The highest concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, Ni, and Hg in wastewater irrigated soil were 5.32, 37.1, 31.5, 11.4, 91.5, 134, and 0.34 mg kg(-1), respectively. Wastewater irrigated soils were strongly polluted by means of Cd (8.23-11.6 mg kg(-1)) and moderately to strongly polluted by means of Ni (47.7-134 mg kg(-1)), exceeding Maximum Admissible Concentrations for Trace Elements in Agricultural Soils and Sewage Sludge Regulation limit values of Turkey. Maximum concentrations found for Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Ni in wastewater irrigated wheat grain were 8.44, 1.30, 9.10, n.d, 29.31, and 0.94 mg kg(-1), respectively. Besides, Hg was not detected in any samples of wheat grain. Based on the regulation of Turkish Food Codex, Pb contamination in wheat samples grown in the sampling site was evidenced.
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    TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF LANDFILL LEACHATES WITH A BATTERY OF BIOASSAYS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Bahadir, Muefit; Kolb, Marit; Tongur, Suheyla; Kara, Gulnihal
    In this study, the toxicity of the leachate from the municipal landfill was evaluated and assigned to its chemical composition. Leachate samples were collected considering different seasons and assessed for their toxicity by using Thamnotox with Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphtox with Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri, Lemna minor, and Lepidium sativum. Leachate samples were also characterized measuring their physical and chemical parameters. Relationships between the chemical composition and the toxicity of leachate samples were established. EC50, values for Thamnotox, Lemna minor, and Lepidium sativum were negatively correlated with the COD content. There were significant correlations between the TOC with EC50 values of Vibrio fischeri and Lemna minor tests. Vibrio fischeri wasthe most sensitive test organism investigated for the landfill leachate. Considering toxic unit values, leachate samples were highly to very highly acute toxic, according to all the tests carried out.