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    WASTEWATER REUSE IN MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES - A REVIEW OF PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Bahadir, Mufit; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Aydin, Senar; Beduk, Fatma; Batarseh, Mufeed
    The Middle East Region is one of the driest regions in the world. Water shortage in most of the region has led to wastewater reuse practices. While this source includes valuable nutrients essential for plants, it also contains various environmental contaminants, which can threat both human health and agricultural sustainability. Uncontrolled applications for long term result in soil deterioration, contaminated agricultural products, and sanitary problems. In many Middle East Countries, wastewater treatment plants are lacking. Domestic wastewaters are sometimes contaminated with uncontrolled industrial discharges. Wastewater quality and soil safety for wastewater application are often neglected. For sustainable use of wastewater in the region, there is a serious need for regulations, monitoring of wastewater, soil and product quality, and public awareness about possible adverse effects of untreated wastewater. In this review, the authors aimed to give an overview about the state-of-the-art of wastewater reuse in particular for irrigation purposes in Turkey and the Arab Countries in the Middle East. The different origins of wastewater discharge that are manifold in the Middle East Region, e.g. domestic, touristic, industrial, and agricultural drainage, pollutants identified in the wastewater, and R&D efforts made for a pollution inventory, removal of pollutants through wastewater treatment before use, and the fate and behaviour of the residual pollutants in agro-ecosystems during irrigation with wastewater are reported.