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Öğe Effect of various mineral acids during the hydrothermal leaching process of NiTi Alloy(Pamukkale Univ, 2023) Ozgun, Muhammed Ihsan; Batibay, Ahmet Burcin; Unal, Bayram; Eker, Yasin Ramazan; Terlemez, ArslanNickel and titanium-based alloys are commonly used for engineering or medical applications. NiTi alloys are recycled as additive materials at the end of their lifetime. Separate recovery of metals present in NiTi alloy is possible via hydrometallurgical methods; however, NiTi alloys are highly resistant to corrosion. Various mineral acids (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4) have been investigated, and the effect of H2O2 in the leaching medium has also been explored. Different leaching yields have been observed, and correlations between them according to acid treatment conditions have been established. SEM, XRF, and EDS techniques characterized alloys' microstructure and chemical properties. Among mineral acids, H2SO4 and HCl illustrated the highest extraction efficiencies. However, the addition of hydrogen peroxide decreased this efficiency severely. The kinetics of dissolution was obtained through decreased leaching efficiency with the addition of hydrogen peroxide.Öğe Effect of Y addition on the structural transformation and thermal stability of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy produced by mechanical alloying(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2021) Cetin, Mehmei Emin; Polat, Gokhan; Tekin, Mustafa; Batibay, Ahmet Burcin; Kotan, MasanIn this study, a Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy with nanocrystalline structure was produced by high energy mechanical alloying (HEMA) and 1 at.-% yttrium was added as a thermal stabilizer. The as-milled samples were annealed at various temperatures up to 900 degrees C in a protective gas atmosphere, and the samples were allowed to cool to room temperature in the furnace. The phase transformations and microstructural changes as a function of the annealing temperatures and alloy compositions were studied using room- and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam microscopy (FIB), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the samples were interpreted based on the hardness results and their correlation with the microstructures. The results showed that the as-milled nanocrystalline structure of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy increased from 3.4 nm to 350 nm after annealing at 800 degrees C due to the high driving force induced by the large grain boundary area. Consequently, the as-milled hardness of the Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy dropped from 7.63 +/- 0.18 GPa to 5.37 +/- 0.28 GPa. The grain size stability of the Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy after annealing at elevated temperature was ensured through the addition of yttrium. Thus, the grain size remained at the level of 125 nm, and the hardness value was maintained at around 6.98 +/- 0.43 GPa after annealing at 800 degrees C.Öğe Effect of Y addition on the structural transformation and thermal stability of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy produced by mechanical alloying(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2021) Cetin, Mehmei Emin; Polat, Gokhan; Tekin, Mustafa; Batibay, Ahmet Burcin; Kotan, MasanIn this study, a Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy with nanocrystalline structure was produced by high energy mechanical alloying (HEMA) and 1 at.-% yttrium was added as a thermal stabilizer. The as-milled samples were annealed at various temperatures up to 900 degrees C in a protective gas atmosphere, and the samples were allowed to cool to room temperature in the furnace. The phase transformations and microstructural changes as a function of the annealing temperatures and alloy compositions were studied using room- and high-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD), focused ion beam microscopy (FIB), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the samples were interpreted based on the hardness results and their correlation with the microstructures. The results showed that the as-milled nanocrystalline structure of Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy increased from 3.4 nm to 350 nm after annealing at 800 degrees C due to the high driving force induced by the large grain boundary area. Consequently, the as-milled hardness of the Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy dropped from 7.63 +/- 0.18 GPa to 5.37 +/- 0.28 GPa. The grain size stability of the Ti-22Al-25Nb alloy after annealing at elevated temperature was ensured through the addition of yttrium. Thus, the grain size remained at the level of 125 nm, and the hardness value was maintained at around 6.98 +/- 0.43 GPa after annealing at 800 degrees C.