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Öğe Dissection of genetic diversity and population structure in oregano (Origanum acutidens L.) genotypes based on agro-morphological properties and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers(Springer, 2022) Karagoz, Halit; Hosseinpour, Arash; Karagoz, Fazilet Parlakova; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Haliloglu, KamilBesides aromatic characteristics of the other oregano species, essential oil of Origanum acutidens has lethal effects on some cancer lines. This study was performed to determine genetic diversity in the 70 oregano (Odostomia acutidens) genotypes based on several agro-morphological traits and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers in the endemic spread zone of O. acutidens. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two components accounted for 79.56% of the total agro-morphological variation. Cluster analysis based on phenotypic data grouped all investigated genotypes into three main clusters. GGE Biplot analysis indicated that genotype numbers as G35, G11, G24, G10, and G22 with the lowest interaction with different environments were more stable than the others ones. Taking into account all analyses, genotype numbers G36, G12, G10, and G33 were selected as ideal materials. In the molecular section, 10 SCoT primers generated 109 polymorphic fragments. The mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.36. The mean number of effective alleles (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity (H), and Shannon's information index (I) were 1.63, 0.38, and 0.57, respectively. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm grouped the 70 investigated genotypes into three main clusters. Mantel test showed no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in these individual (r = 0.01, p = 0.69). Moreover, population structure analysis showed that all genotypes formed three sub-populations. In general, population structure of the 70 investigated oregano genotypes collected from different origins of Turkey were successfully characterized with the aid of SCoT markers. Our results suggest that evaluation of genetic diversity and structure analysis in the natural populations could efficiently provide comprehensive information for conservation of endemic and endangered species that can be used in future breeding programs.Öğe Effect of Different Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Biological Soil Properties, Growth, Yield and Quality of Oregano (Origanum onites L.)(Mdpi, 2023) Cakmakci, Ramazan; Haliloglu, Kamil; Tuerkoglu, Aras; Ozkan, Guller; Kutlu, Meral; Varmazyari, Atefeh; Molnar, ZoltanIntensive agriculture uses continuous chemical fertilizers to increase crop yields, but excessive use of fertilizers leads to environmental pollution, permanent changes in physicochemical conditions in soil ecology, deterioration of soil biological health, leaching of nutrients, surface and groundwater pollution and eutrophication. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are becoming increasingly important for ensuring crop safety, increasing nutrient uptake and output, lowering fertilizer costs, preventing environmental contamination and promoting sustainable agriculture and agricultural resources. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the effects of fifteen bacteria strains that were isolated from various acidic rhizospheric soils as biofertilizers on soil biological properties. Growth, yield and quality traits were analyzed, and various PGPR were identified using 16S ribosomal RNA of Turkish oregano. Fifteen bacterial inoculations with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, N2-fixing, P-solubilizing and/or IAA-producing genes were used in the experiment, which was carried out in a randomized block design with five replicates (each with three pots) and a control without inoculation. Increased biological activity in soil inoculated with bacteria with multiple traits was confirmed by high C and N content in microbial biomass, urease, dehydrogenase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities. Essential oil content, oil yield, thymol and carvacrol contents increased by 0.5-40.1%, 5.9-71.9%, 0.07-16.7% and 0.3-9.2%, respectively, as a result of bacterial inoculation. Oil content ranged from 2.02% to 2.83%; carvacrol (66.1-72.2%) was the main constituent, followed by thymol (14.5-16.9%) and linalool (1.38-3.68%). Two large PGPR groups were formed based on genetic distance analysis. Responses were variable and depended on the inoculant strain and the parameters being evaluated. The results indicate PGPR has clear potential for improving the yield of cultivated aromatic and essential oil plants, such as oregano.