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    Comparative chromosomal features and new karyological data in Salvia: B-chromosomes, polyploidy, dysploidy and symmetric karyotypes
    (Soc Botanica Sao Paulo, 2022) Martin, Esra; Celep, Ferhat; Eroglu, Halil Erhan
    The genus Salvia is characterized by such small chromosomes, which has so far restricted the cytogenetic studies. Therefore, karyomorphological aspects of the chromosome complement were rarely analyzed in the genus. The aim of this study was to report the interspecific relationships and new chromosomal data in Salvia. The chromosomal records of 25 taxa were herein provided, 8 of which were reported for the first time, 3 presented new chromosome numbers, and 14 agreed previous reports. In addition, a detailed chromosomal data of 16 taxa were provided. Eleven different chromosome numbers (2n = 12, 14, 16, 18, 22, 26, 28, 36, 38, 42, and 52) were found by the basic number of 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, and 13. S. candelabrum was the only taxon with B-chromosomes. Salvia algeriensis had different chromosome numbers with probably dysploidy mechanisms. The polyploidy was demonstrated by the prevalence of cells with 2n = 4x = 28, 36, and 52 (tetraploid) and 2n = 6x = 42 (hexaploid). No clear relationship was observed between basic numbers/ploidy level and subgenera. Salvia taxa had different karyotypes in terms of asymmetry degrees, which had relatively low asymmetry in nine taxa, average asymmetry in five taxa, higher intrachromosomal asymmetry in S. glutinosa, and higher interchromosomal asymmetry in S. interrupta. S. taraxacifolia, S. canescens, S. jurisicii, and S. nutans were cytotaxonomically very close species by basic numbers of x = 11 and 13. The possible ancestral number is x = 11. The results contributed to some missing parts in Salvia cytotaxonomy.
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    Karyomorphological studies in seven taxa of the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae) in Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2015) Martin, Esra; Altinordu, Fahim; Celep, Ferhat; Kahraman, Ahmet; Dogan, Musa
    In this study, the karyotypes of mitotic chromosomes were determined of seven taxa of Salvia (Lamiaceae) collected from their natural habitats in Turkey: S. viridis (2n = 16), S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis (2n = 20), S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. chionantha (2n = 22), S. viscosa and S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca (2n = 32). The karyotype formulae were 5m+3sm in S. viridis, 2M+5m+3sm in S. candidissima subsp. occidentalis, 1M+10m in S. sclarea, 8m+3sm in S. ceratophylla, 7m+4sm in S. chionantha, 9m+5sm+2st in S. viscosa, and 15m+1sm in S. verticillata subsp. amasiaca by the karyotype image analysis system. Somatic chromosome numbers ranged from 2n = 16 to 2n = 32. The ideograms were drawn based on centromeric index and arranged in decreasing size order. The present results were compared with the previous cytological studies in the genus.