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    Associations Between Nucleus Size, and Immunohistochemical Galectin-3, Cytokeratine-19 and Hbme-1 Markers in Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma: A Morphometric Analyze
    (Springer, 2019) Toy, Hatice; Etli, Ozlem; Celik, Zeliha Esin; Alikanoglu, Arsenal Sezgin
    This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric measurements in cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma, and determine a cut-off value to support diagnosis. Fifty cases with a diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) were included in the study with their Galectine-3, CK-19 and HBME-1 immunohistochemical staining results. Demographic and clinical data gathered from pathology reports, which included demographic information such as patients' sex, age, macroscopic tumor size, number of tumor focuses; prognostic parameters such as lenfovascular invasion, perineural invasion, thyroid capsule invasion; and results of immunohistochemical CK- 19, Galectin-3 and HBME-1 staining. Longest nuclear diameters of 150 tumor cells and 150 normal thyrocytes of each case were manually measured in an image analysis software, and mean longest nuclear diameters (MLND-TC and MLND-NC), and also tumor cell/normal cell longest nuclear diameter ratio (TC/NC-LNDR) were calculated. MLND-TC was higher than MLND-NC. The cases with higher MLND-TC had increased risk of capsule invasion in case of a negative staining with Galectine-3, HBME-1, or CK-19. When TC/NC-LNDR was high, number of tumor focus tended to be multiple and lymphovascular invasion risk was also increased. Subtypes of PTC were not differed regarding staining patterns. And finally, increased TC/NC-LNDR was associated with increased risk of having poor prognostic factors. The results of this study suggest that MLND-NC, MLND-TC, and TC/NCLNDR are valuable and easy-to-use measures, which can assist routine histology practice.
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    The effects of local and intraperitoneal zinc treatments on maxillofacial fracture healing in rabbits
    (Churchill Livingstone, 2020) Azgin, Isa; Arbag, Hamdi; Eryilmaz, Mehmet Akif; Celik, Zeliha Esin
    Objective: This study aimed to determine whether administration of topical and intraperitoneal zinc for maxillofacial fractures has any impact on the bone healing process. Material and method: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to four groups of eight each. The first group was the control group; fracture lines were fixed using titanium microplates and no medication was administered. The second group received fixations using zinc-coated titanium microplates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally to the third group following fixations with titanium microplates. A single dose of 3 mg/kg zinc was administered intraperitoneally to the fourth group following fixations with zinc-coated titanium microplates. Zinc coating on to the titanium microplates was achieved using the physical vapor deposition technique. A fracture line was created in the nasal bones of all subjects and fixed with five-hole flat microplates and three 5-mm micro screws. All work groups were sacrificed at the end of the sixth week. Results: Histological examination showed that the number of osteoblasts were significantly higher in zinc-coated group (Group 2) than zinc uncoated, control group (Group 1), (415.6 +/- 46.7 vs 366.3 +/- 11.8) (p < 0.001). It was observed that intraperitoneal zinc treatment alone (Group 3) did not significantly increase in the osteoblast count compared to zinc un-coated group (Group 1), (390.6 +/- 83.2 vs 366.3 +/- 11.8), (p = 0.341). The immunoreactivity scores for IGF-1 were significantly higher in the zinccoated group compared to control group (Group 2 vs 1), (9.3 +/- 2.8 vs 3.7 +/- 1.9) (p < 0.05). It was observed that intraperitoneal zinc treatment did not cause a significant difference in the aspect of IGF-1 for zinc-coated groups (Group 2 vs 4) (9.3 +/- 2.8 vs 9.6 +/- 2.2) (p = 0.791). The difference in the immunoreactivity score among whole groups for TGF-beta was not statistically significant (Group 1 vs 2, 3.2 +/- 1.7 vs 4.4 2.3, p = 0.256; Group 1 vs 3, 3.2 1.7 vs 3.8 2.8, p = 0.524; Group 1 vs 4, 3.2 1.7 vs 2.8 1.3, p = 0.717; Group 2 vs 3, 4.4 2.3, vs 3.8 2.8, p = 0.610; Group 2 vs 4, 4.4 2.3, vs 2.8 + 1.3, p = 0.124; Group 3 vs 4, 3.8 2.8, vs 2.8 + 1.3, p = 0.311). Conclusion: The local use of titanium microplates coated with zinc by PVD technique was found effective for fracture healing. Zinc coating of titanium microplates used in fracture treatment can accelerate fracture healing. It may be concluded that clinical studies should be performed now in order to explore if comparable results can be achieved in humans. (C) 2020 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of Prednisolone, l-Asparaginase, Gemfibrozil, and Combinations of These Elements on Mice Lipid Profile, Liver, and Pancreas
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2016) Kose, Dogan; Tarakci, Nuriye; Celik, Zeliha Esin; Vatansev, Husamettin; Cimbek, Emine Ayca; Ugras, Serdar; Sen, Yasar
    The aim of this study is to determine the effects of l-asparaginase (l-ASP), corticosteroids (CSs), and antilipidemics, separately and in combination, on the lipid profiles and the liver and pancreas histology in mice. This study included 8 groups of 7 mice each. Before any drug administration, serum samples were taken from all of the mice. Then, normal saline was applied to the control group, and a medication or combination of medications was applied to the other groups. Levels of triglycerides, cholesterol (COL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were determined, and the livers and pancreases were evaluated histologically at the end of the study. Triglycerides increased significantly in the CS-only and the l-ASP-only groups, COL increased significantly in the CS-only group, and HDL increased significantly in the CS-only and the antilipidemic-only groups. LDL was significantly lower in the CS-only and the l-ASP-only groups. CSs and l-ASP were significantly effective in liver necrosis, l-ASP was significantly effective in liver balloon degeneration, and CS were significantly effective in pancreas vacuolization. Triglyceride measurement is recommended before/during CS and/or l-ASP treatment. Starting with an antilipidemic agent can be considered to avoid possible complications in patients with significantly high rates. Indicators of a possible liver or pancreas injury should also be considered.
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    Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Celik, Zeliha Esin; Akar, Serra; Findik, Siddika; Aytekin, Emine; Celik, Cetin
    The molecular pathways involved in the development of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cancer are not completely known. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a cytosolic enzyme associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis in a variety of cancers. Its role in vulvar cancer has not been studied, previously. Vulvar SCC, high and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and benign squamous hyperplasia were analysed immunohistochemically. The mean staining score for vulvar SCC was significantly higher than the score for vulvar squamous hyperplasia (p<.001). The mean relapse-free survival for patients with low and high NNMT expression was 41.4 months (95% CI: 25.6-57.2) and 19.8 months (95% CI: 3.0-36.6), respectively (p=.035). The mean disease-specific survival for patients with low and high NNMT expression was 75.8 months (95% CI: 57.5-94.2) and 27.8 months (95% CI 12.2-43.4), respectively (p=.015). Although quite preliminary, this study showed that NNMT expression was elevated in vulvar SCC compared to benign and premalignant lesions. Additionally, elevated NNMT expression was associated with poor survival. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a methyltransferase, associated with tumour progression, spread and poor prognosis in a variety of cancers. Its upregulation can lead to DNA hypomethylation, which can in turn result in the activation of proto-oncogenes and deactivation of tumour suppressor genes. What do the results of this study add? Although quite preliminary, this study showed that NNMT expression was elevated in vulvar SCC compared to benign and premalignant lesions. Additionally, elevated NNMT expression was associated with poor survival. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? NNMT has been regarded as a potential target of cancer therapy and its role in vulvar cancer has not been studied, previously. This is the first study to investigate the expression of NNMT in vulvar cancer and associate NNMT elevation with poor survival. NNMT can further be investigated as a possible target of vulvar cancer therapy.
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    Prognostic significance of solid growth in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma
    (Springer Japan Kk, 2020) Akar, Serra; Celik, Zeliha Esin; Findik, Siddika; Ilhan, Tolgay Tuyan; Ercan, Fedi; Celik, Cetin
    Background Endometrioid endometrial cancer is the most common histological subtype of endometrial adenocarcinoma. In the FIGO grading scheme, both architectural and nuclear grade are taken into consideration. However, the specific impact of solid growth alone on endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma outcome is not well documented. We sought to assess the degree of impact of solid growth on lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), myometrial invasion, tumor size, FIGO stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM), relapse-free survival (RFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). Methods Paraffin blocks of 269 patients treated for endometrioid endometrial cancer were retrospectively analyzed with morphometry for solid growth percentages. Results A statistically significant cut-off value of 1% solid growth was found for predicting LNM and advanced stage (III or IV), myometrial invasion and LVSI (p < 0.001) and a cut-off value of 8% was found for predicting adverse survival outcome (p < 0.001). The mean DSS was significantly higher in patients with < 6% solid growth compared to patients with 6-50%, 51-75% and > 75% solid growth (p < 0.001). Although, the mean RFS and DSS were lowest in patients with 51-75% solid growth, this did not reach statistical significance in comparison to 6-50% and > 75% (p > 0.05). Conclusion Although > 75% solid growth was most significantly associated with many of the adverse prognostic factors, this subset did not provide prognostic superiority in predicting adverse survival when compared to subsets within 6-75% solid growth. In conclusion, although no statistically significant difference in survival was found among subdivisions of architectural grades 2 and 3, solid growth, especially >= 8%, appeared to be an independent prognostic factor for survival in patients with early-stage endometrioid endometrial cancer.