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Öğe Consequences of leaf biochemical characters for Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) along the microclimatic gradient of Citrus plants(Academic Publication Council, 2020) Abbas, Muhammad W.; Raza, Abu Bakar M.; Dageri, Asli; Arshad, Muhammad; Khan, Muhammad A.; Ullah, Muhammad, I; Afzal, MuhammadThe leaf traits and microclimate in different positions of a host plant often influence the host choice and performance of herbivore insects. In the present study, the relation of leaf biochemical characters with the infestation of citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) on six citrus cultivars; Meyer Lime (lemon x mandarin hybrid), Kinnow, and Feutrell's Early (Citrus mandarins), Fairchild (C. tangerines), Succari and Musambi (C. sinensis) was determined. It was also hypothesized that the CLM damage increases from lower to upper canopy of the plant. The highest level of infestation was observed on the upper canopy of citrus plants, followed by a middle and lower canopy in the case of all citrus cultivars. The CLM damage also varied between six citrus cultivars with the highest level of 24.24% for Meyer Lime and 21.42% for Kinnow cultivars and the least affected cultivar by CLM feeding was Musambi with 9.31% infestation. Among the leaf traits, nitrogen and moisture contents showed significant and positive relation with CLM infestation in all citrus cultivars. Total minerals in leaves didn't show the significant (P > 0.05) relation with CLM damage in all citrus cultivars. Crude proteins showed significant relation with CLM only in the case of the Meyer Lime cultivar. Our findings suggest that the moisture level and nitrogen contents in the leaves are important factors for enhancing the activity of CLM and this interaction can impact the growth and productivity of citrus plants.Öğe Detection of Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae) Associated With Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) Collected From Citrus reticulata (Sapindales: Rutaceae) and Alternate Host, Cordia myxa (Boraginales: Boraginaceae)(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2020) Guz, Nurper; Arshad, Muhammad; Cagatay, Naciye Sena; Dageri, Asli; Ullah, Muhammad IrfanThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is an important insect pest of the citrus crop worldwide. It vectors the pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) that causes a serious disease known as citrus greening. Here, we tested the infection frequency of Wolbachia and CLas from 100 D. citri individuals collected from two host plants belonging to families Rutaceae (Citrus reticulata Blanco) and Boraginaceae (Cordia myxa L.) using molecular methods. The following trend of endosymbionts infection in adult D. citri was found; 85.4% (35/41) by Wolbachia, and 19.5% (8/41) by CLas collected from C. reticulata plants and 65.4% (17/26) by Wolbachia, and 15.4% (4/26) by CLas in case of C. myxa plant. However, 61.5% (8/13) nymphs collected from C. reticulata and 20.0% (4/20) collected from C. myxa plants were infected by Wolbachia, while no nymph was infected by CLas collected from either host plants. Findings from this work represent the first report of CLas presence in D. citri feeding on C. myxa plants. By studying the presence of CLas with other endosymbiotic bacteria, future basic and applied research to develop control strategies can be prioritized.Öğe Elevation of vitellogenin expression in Sunn pest is associated with pre-migration and migration phases of the life cycle(Wiley, 2021) Dageri, Asli; Guz, Nurper; Gurkan, Mehmet OktaySunn pest, Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a species with an obligatory diapause, is a major destructive pest of cereal products in central Asia, Europe and North Africa. Adults feed voraciously, causing total destruction of wheat fields in just a couple of days. Insect vitellogenins (Vgs) play a major role in reproduction by supplying the resources needed for oocyte development. In this study, we identified and characterized three E. maura Vg genes (EmVgs: EmVg1, EmVg2 and EmVg3) in the cDNA library generated from the fat body of overwintering E. maura. We examined expression levels of EmVgs in the phases of the life cycle, different tissues and at different developmental stages. mRNA levels in the female adults started to increase in the pre-migration phase and reached peak level in the adults that freshly migrated to lowlands. This pattern suggests that the elevation of EmVg expression is associated with pre-migration and migration phases of the insect's life cycle. EmVgs were primarily expressed in the fat body, which could be a possible EmVg expression site. EmVgs were expressed throughout developmental stages, suggesting that they might be prominent for nymphal development of E. maura.Öğe High Prevalence of Pantoea in Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae): Vector of Citrus Huanglongbing Disease(Springer, 2020) Guz, Nurper; Arshad, Muhammad; Cagatay, Naciye S.; Dageri, AsliAs an important insect vector, Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) transmits the pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas) that is associated with citrus greening also known as Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. The bacterial endosymbionts have a potential role in shaping the host range of insect herbivores and their performance on different host plants, which might affect the endosymbiont distribution in insect populations. Here, we detected and characterized Pantoea endosymbiont in nymph and adult ACP specimens collected from Citrus reticulata Blanco and Cordia myxa L. plants. The phylogenetic tree constructed using endosymbiotic bacteria 16S ribosomal RNA sequences indicated that Pantoea sp. was closely related to Mixta calida, sharing about 98% identity and was grouped with other Mixta and Pantoea endosymbionts. Our findings showed 100% and 92.3% infection of Pantoea in adults while 61.5% and 90% infection of Pantoea in nymphs collected from C. reticulata and C. myxa plants, respectively. Understanding the interaction of endosymbiotic bacteria with ACP associated with host plants could be useful for developing an effective management strategy for both ACP and HLB disease.Öğe Molecular characterization and expression patterns of heat shock proteins inSpodoptera littoralis, heat shock or immune response?(Springer, 2021) Guz, Nurper; Dageri, Asli; Altincicek, Boran; Aksoy, SerapThe Egyptian cotton leaf worm,Spodoptera littoralis(Boisd.), is a major agricultural lepidopterous pest causing extensive damage in a variety of crops including vegetable, cotton, fodder, and fiber crops. Heat shock protein (HSP) family members play important roles in protecting insects against environmental stressors. In this study, we characterized three putative heat shock proteins (SpliHsp70, SpliHsp90, and SpliHSF) fromS.littoralisand analyzed their expression levels in response to heat, cold, ultraviolet irradiation,Bacillus thuringiensis, andSpodoptera littoralisnucleopolyhedrovirus treatments. Significant upregulation ofSpliHsp70was observed in female pupae, while the highest expression levels ofSpliHsp90andSpliHSFwere found in female adults. Heat shock triggered increases inSpliHsplevels compared to cold treatment.SpliHsp90exhibited the highest expression levels during the first 30 min of UV treatment. Both bacterial and viral pathogenic agents effected the regulation of Hsps inS.littoralis. These findings suggest thatSpliHspgenes might play significant roles in the response to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as in the regulation of developmental stages.Öğe Nondetrimental impact of two concomitant entomopathogenic fungi on life history parameters of a generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Rizwan, Muhammad; Atta, Bilal; Arshad, Muhammad; Khan, Rashad Rasool; Dageri, Asli; Rizwan, Misbah; Ullah, Muhammad IrfanThe non-persistent impact of biocontrol agents can be revealed for pest control when associated entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) negatively affect the natural enemies. In this assay, impacts of Beauvaria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin were studied for their compatibility or side effects on life table parameters of an important generalist predator, Coccinella septempunctata L. The results indicated non-significant impacts of both EPFs on life table parameters of C. septempunctata. The development time (egg-adult) was not significantly different in control (69.79 days) and EPFs treated C. septempunctata (69.35-80.07 days). Both fungi did not induce any significant changes in the fecundity, adult pre-oviposition period (APOP), total preoviposition period (TPOP), and mean generation time (T) as compared to control treatment. Similarly, no difference in fecundity rate of C. septempunctata was observed after EPFs treatment (287.7-288.5) compared to control (290.0). The highest net reproductive rate (R-0) occurred in control (87.05 offspring individual(-1)) and M. anisopliae (86.31 offspring individual(-1)) as compared to B. bassiana treated beetles (76.97 offspring individual(-1)). The age-specific fecundity curves indicated that the C. septempunctata had a similar fecundity rate in both EPFs treatments and control. This study demonstrates no significant side effects of B. bassiana and M. anispoliae on the performance and biology of C. septempunctata. Considering the compatibility of both EPFs with C. septempunctata, their combinations can be recommended in various integrated pest management programs.