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    Durability and microstructure analysis of concrete made with volcanic ash: A review (Part II)
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) Ahmad, Jawad; Althoey, Fadi; Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Rahmawati, Cut
    Concrete is the most frequently employed man-made material in modern building construction. Nevertheless, the serviceability of concrete structures has been significantly reduced owing to a variety of durability issues, especially when serving in a non-ideal environment and exposed to internal/external attacks such as chloride penetration, carbonation, sulfate, and so on. Several scholars have performed numerous studies on the strength and microstructure features of volcanic ash (VA) concrete and have discovered encouraging findings. However, since the information is spread, readers find it difficult to evaluate the benefits of VA-based concrete, limiting its applicability. As a result, a detailed study is required that offers the reader an easy approach and highlights all essential facts. The goal of this article (Part ?) is to conduct a compressive review of the physical and chemical aspects of VA and its impact on concrete durability and microstructure properties. The findings demonstrate that VA considerably improves concrete durability owing to pozzolanic reaction and micro-filling voids in concrete materials. Cost-benefit analysis shows that 10% utilization of VA as cement decreased the overall cost by 30%. The assessment also notes a research gap that must be filled before VA may be utilized in practice.
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    Durability and microstructure analysis of concrete made with volcanic ash: A review (Part II)
    (De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2023) Ahmad, Jawad; Althoey, Fadi; Abuhussain, Mohammed Awad; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Rahmawati, Cut
    Concrete is the most frequently employed man-made material in modern building construction. Nevertheless, the serviceability of concrete structures has been significantly reduced owing to a variety of durability issues, especially when serving in a non-ideal environment and exposed to internal/external attacks such as chloride penetration, carbonation, sulfate, and so on. Several scholars have performed numerous studies on the strength and microstructure features of volcanic ash (VA) concrete and have discovered encouraging findings. However, since the information is spread, readers find it difficult to evaluate the benefits of VA-based concrete, limiting its applicability. As a result, a detailed study is required that offers the reader an easy approach and highlights all essential facts. The goal of this article (Part ?) is to conduct a compressive review of the physical and chemical aspects of VA and its impact on concrete durability and microstructure properties. The findings demonstrate that VA considerably improves concrete durability owing to pozzolanic reaction and micro-filling voids in concrete materials. Cost-benefit analysis shows that 10% utilization of VA as cement decreased the overall cost by 30%. The assessment also notes a research gap that must be filled before VA may be utilized in practice.
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    Improvement in Bending Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Produced with Waste Lathe Scraps
    (Mdpi, 2022) Karalar, Memduh; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk; Aksoylu, Ceyhun; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Ahmad, Mahmood; Sabri, Mohanad Muayad Sabri
    In this study, the impacts of different proportions of tension reinforcement and waste lathe scraps on the failure and bending behavior of reinforced concrete beams (RCBs) are clearly detected considering empirical tests. Firstly, material strength and consistency test and then 1/2 scaled beam test have been carried out. For this purpose, a total of 12 specimens were produced in the laboratory and then tested to examine the failure mechanism under flexure. Two variables have been selected in creating text matrix. These are the longitudinal tension reinforcement ratio in beams (three different level) and volumetric ratio of waste lathe scraps (four different level: 0%, 1%, 2% and 3%). The produced simply supported beams were subjected to a two-point bending test. To prevent shear failure, sufficient stirrups have been used. Thus, a change in the bending behavior was observed during each test. With the addition of 1%, 2% and 3% waste lathe scraps, compressive strength escalated by 11.2%, 21.7% and 32.5%, respectively, compared to concrete without waste. According to slump test results, as the waste lathe scraps proportion in the concrete mixture is increased, the concrete consistency diminishes. Apart from the material tests, the following results were obtained from the tests performed on the beams. It is detected that with the addition of lathe waste, the mechanical features of beams improved. It is observed that different proportions of tension reinforcement and waste lathe scraps had different failure and bending impacts on the RCBs. While there was no significant change in stiffness and strength, ductility increased considerably with the addition of lathe waste.
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    Performance evaluation of fiber-reinforced concrete produced with steel fibers extracted from waste tire
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) Zeybek, Oezer; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Celik, Ali Ihsan; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk; Ahmad, Mahmood; Sabri Sabri, Mohanad Muayad
    With the increasing number of vehicles in the world, the amount of waste tires is increasing day by day. In this case, the disposal of expired tires will cause serious environmental problems. In recent years, instead of disposing of tire wastes, most of them have been started to be recycled to produce fiber-reinforced concrete. Thus, steel fibers recovered from waste tires have been preferred as an alternative to industrial steel fibers due to their environmentally friendly and low-cost advantages. In this study, an experimental study was carried out to explore the effect of fiber content on the fresh and hardened state of the concrete. To achieve this goal, compression, splitting tensile, and flexure tests were carried out to observe the performance of the concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers with the ratios of 1%, 2% and 3%. There is an improvement in the mechanical properties of the concrete with the increase of the volume fraction of the steel fiber. However, a significant reduction in workability was observed after the addition of 2% steel fibers. Therefore, it is recommended to utilize 2% tire-recycled steel fibers in practical applications. Furthermore, experimental results of concrete with tire-recycled steel fibers were collected from the literature and empirical equations based on these results were developed in order to predict the compressive and splitting tensile strengths.
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    Performance of lightweight foamed concrete partially replacing cement with industrial and agricultural wastes: Microstructure characteristics, thermal conductivity, and hardened properties
    (Elsevier, 2023) Mydin, Md Azree Othuman; Sor, Nadhim Hamah; Althoey, Fadi; Ozkilic, Yasin Onuralp; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Isleem, Haytham F.; Deifalla, Ahmed Farouk
    The production of eco-friendly concrete has been made possible by reusing agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete (LWF) produced from a protein-based foaming agent and including granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) at various substitution levels (0, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, and 60 %) with cement. By executing a slump test, the fresh characteristics of mixes were assessed. In addition, a total of 25 different LWF mixtures were produced and tested for their porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and thermal conductivity. To elucidate the causes for the experimental findings acquired, microstructural analysis was also performed. The findings indicate that the GGBS, FA, RHA, and POFA ratios of the LWFs increased due to a reduction in slump, porosity, water absorption, bulk density, and thermal conductivity up to 40 % GGBS, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA, and 30 % POFA. However, the compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, UPV were raised up to 40 % GGBS, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA and 30 % POFA as substitution for cement. LWF containing 40 % GBS as a cement substitution also demonstrate larger compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity in comparison with the control, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA, and 30 % POFA LWF. The findings are promising and reveal a major opportunity for developing eco-friendly LWF by partially substituting cement with GGBS and FA industrial by-product material, RHA and POFA agricultural waste materials as well.