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    The Relationship between Future Time Perception and Optimism: An Example of Physical Education and Sports School Students
    (Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2020) Demirel, Duygu Harmandar; Serdar, Emrah; Demirel, Mehmet
    The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between perception of the future time and optimism levels of physical education and sports school students. The study group, non-probability sampling method chosen by Dumlupmar University for school of physical education and sports and studying in the average age was 22,49 +/- 2,76, totally 405 university students participated in the study voluntarily. In the study, Future Time Perception Scale developed by Husman and Shell (32) and adapted by Avc1 and Erden (57) and Optimism Scale developed by Balci and Yilmaz (22) were used. Percentage and frequency methods for determining the distribution of participants' personal information; Shapiro Wilks normality test was applied to determine whether the data had normal distribution and as a result of the analysis of the data after it was understood that the data were in accordance with the parametric test conditions; Independent T test, MANOVA, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation tests were used. According to the analysis results; significant differences were found in both participants' perception of future time and optimism levels according to Gender and Satisfaction with The Department They Read There was a significant difference between the participants' perception of future time according to Department variables and optimism levels according to Age variable. A positive and significant relationship was found between the participants' perception of future time and their optimism levels. As a result, it was found that the participants' perception of future time and their optimism levels differed significantly according to some demographic variables.
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    The relationship between perceived freedom, leisure involvement, and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities
    (Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2021) Serdar, Emrah; Demirel, Duygu Harmandar
    Background: This study is aimed to determine the relationship between the perceived freedom, involvement and happiness of individuals participating in physical activities. Material and methods: The sample of the study consisted of 523 members. The Perceived Freedom in Leisure Scale, the Leisure Involvement Scale and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form were used as data collection tools. In analysing the data, independent t-test, ANOVA, MANOVA and Pearson Correlation analysis were used. Results: Independent t-Test results determined a significant difference between OHQ-SF scores according to the participants' gender. MANOVA analysis result showed that the main effect of the gender variable on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, and there was a difference in all sub-dimensions. The main effect of marital status on the sub-dimensions of LIS was significant, while there was a positive and low-level relationship between age and OHQ-SF. Conclusions: The levels of OHQ-SF, PFLS-25 and LIS differ depending on the individuals' socio-demographic characteristics. Moreover, there was a positive and low level of relationship between OHQ-SF and PFLS25 and LIS, and a positive and low level of correlation between PFLS-25 and LIS.
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    The Relationship between the Leisure Boredom, Leisure Satisfaction, and Smartphone Addiction: A Study on University Students
    (Int Soc Technology Education & Science-Istes, 2022) Serdar, Emrah; Demirel, Mehmet; Demirel, Duygu Harmandar
    This study aimed to describe the relationships between leisure boredom, leisure satisfaction, and smartphone addictions among university students. The study sample consisted of 258 participants, 143 males and 115 females, studying at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Sports Sciences. The participants were selected using the purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools involved a personal information form, the Leisure Boredom Scale (LBS), the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS) and Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV). Independent t-Test results revealed a significant difference in SASSV by gender. The MANOVA results indicated a significant difference between the Satisfaction sub-dimension of LBS and the Educational, Social, Physical, and Relaxation sub-dimensions of LSS by gender. A significant difference was found between LBS's Satisfaction sub-dimension and all subdimensions of LSS by income status. According to the ANOVA results, there was no significant relationship between the SAS-SV scores by income status of the participants. Besides, there was a negative and low- level correlation between age and the Satisfaction sub-dimension of LBS, the Physical and Relaxation sub-dimensions of LSS and SAS-SV. There was a negative and low correlation between Boredom of LBS and Psychological, Social, and Relaxation sub-dimensions of LSS, and there was a positive and low correlation between LBS and SAS-SV. Similarly, a positive and low-level relationship was determined between all sub-dimensions of LSS and SAS-SV. In this sense, it was concluded that the LBS, LSS, and SAS-SV scores differed according to the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants. As leisure boredom increased, leisure satisfaction decreased, and smartphone addiction increased. It was also found that as leisure satisfaction improved, smartphone addiction increased.