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Öğe Doping Knowledge and Attitudes of Turkish Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study(Montenegrin Sports Acad, 2020) Ozkan, Omer; Torgutalp, Serife Seyma; Kara, Omer Serkan; Donmez, Gurhan; Demirel, Haydar; Karanfil, Yigitcan; Yargic, Melda PelinThe use of prohibited substances in the world of sport, in and out of competition, is a major global problem. A number of similar studies have been conducted in other parts of the world that investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of athletes about doping. The results of those studies cannot entirely be extrapolated to elite Turkish athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate elite athletes' current knowledge of appropriate drug use, doping and use of supplements, and to explore the need for further education on these topics. A total of 202 Turkish athletes participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study. The data were collected through a questionnaire. A five-point Likert scale was used for questions. The most commonly used over-the-counter medications by athletes were painkillers (78.2%). A remarkable proportion of athletes considered painkillers (41.1%), protein powder (43.1%), and caffeine (41.1%) to be prohibited drugs. According to the athletes, physicians (84.6%) and coaches (78.6%) were the two most frequently used sources of information, and 87.6% of the athletes found the physician to be the most reliable source of information. Elite athletes have poor knowledge about doping in Turkey. There is an urgent need for educational anti-doping programmes to address the knowledge gaps observed amongst athletes in this study.Öğe Participation trends and performance analysis of Turkey's long-distance runs between 2007-2017(Gdansk Univ Physical Education & Sport, 2019) Yargic, Melda Pelin; Babayeva, Naila; Iyisoy, Mehmet Sinan; Kurklu, Galip Bilen; Donmez, GurhanBackgroung: Long-distance running events have gained more popularity worldwide over years. However, the number of participants to such events, age and sex distribution of participants may vary by country. Material and methods: We have investigated participation trends and performances of the finishers of three different courses (15km, half-marathon, marathon) in two of the biggest running events in Turkey (the Antalya and Istanbul marathons) between 2007-2017. Results: Our results have shown that runners who completed the 15km course were the highest and marathon finishers were the lowest in number each year. Among native runners, male participation in each distance and event is higher than female participation. Native female marathon finishers increased only by 0.23% in 6 years. In all distances, women run at a lower average speed than men each year. Between 2007-2017, the mean average speed of women were 9.10km/h (+/- 0.18), 9.71km/h (+/- 1.62) and 9.72km/h (+/- 1.73) and the mean average speed of men were 10.45km/h (+/- 2.02), 10.89km/h (+/- 1.83) and 10.40km/h (+/- 1.80) at 15km, 21km and 42km respectively. Conclusions: An important sex gap was observed in participation in long-distance runs in Turkey, which is more pronounced in marathons. Performance analysis showed that females' mean average speed is lower than males' in all distances.