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    Antibacterial potentials of carbon dots immobilized on chitosan and glass surfaces
    (Elsevier, 2024) Ghaibullah, Yanar Najmalden Ghaibullah; Foto, Egemen; Ozdemir, Naciye; Foto, Fatma Zilifdar; Arslan, Gulsin; Sargin, Idris
    Due to their antibacterial activity, chitosan-carbon dot composites possess great potential for pharmaceuticals, medicine, and food preservation. Conducting a comprehensive study of the interactions between chitosan, carbon dots, and bacteria is crucial to understanding the processes behind applying these composites. This study aimed to immobilize carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from Elaeagnus angustifolia fruits on chitosan and glass microbeads' surfaces, to characterize the test materials obtained after synthesis and immobilization, and to investigate their antibacterial potentials.C-dot synthesis was carried out from water extract in an acidic medium with the help of microwave irradiation, and their structural and optical properties were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, Zeta potential, and fluorescence methods. The surface of the glass microbeads was first activated and functionalized with surface amine groups with a silaning agent. C-dots were immobilized on both glass and chitosan microbeads using a crosslinking agent. Antibacterial potentials of nine different test materials, obtained before or after immobilization, were evaluated both qualitatively (MIC and MBC) and quantitatively (GI50) on E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, with the standard broth microdilution method.FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses showed that C-dots were immobilized on chitosan (<1 mm) and glass (<100 mu m) microbead surfaces. C-dots reduced the cell viability by similar to 25 % on S. typhimurium and B. subtilis (MIC = 25 mg/ mL). It was also found that the highest antibacterial effect was recorded for C-dots-glass microbeads, which had a toxic effect of 43 % on S. aureus. In addition, binding C-dots to glass microbeads increased the antibacterial effect selectively in Gram-positive bacteria, while binding to chitosan microbeads was effective in all bacteria. The study showed that the antibacterial potential of C-dots-chitosan microbeads is more effective than C-dots-glass microbeads. C-dots could be used as carbon-based nanomaterials in antibacterial surface preparation once immobilized.
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    Biological activity and ADME/Tox prediction of some 2-substituted benzoxazole derivatives
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Foto, Fatma Zilifdar; Foto, Egemen; Ertan-Bolelli, Tugba; Yildiz, Ilkay
    In this study, we mainly focused on some in vitro biological activities of a series of (5 or 6)-amino-2- (substituted phenyl and benzyl) benzoxazole derivatives. For this purpose, we tested cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of them on cancer cell lines and their topoisomerase inhibitory activities. We also tested their cytotoxic and genotoxic activities on non-cancerous cells (L929) and their mutagenic activities by Ames test to evaluate their effects on healthy cells. Only TD5 was found cytotoxic on all the tested cancer cell lines and did not exhibit either cytotoxic or genotoxic activities against healthy cells, whereas TD1, TD2, TD3 and TD7 were more cytotoxic against only HeLa cells. Only TD4 was found as mutagenic derivative. None of the compounds had any topoisomerase inhibitory activities nevertheless some of them caused inhibition of topoisomerase II activity. Additionally, we used an in silico model to predict the drug-like properties of them to evaluate their bioavailability to the QikProp Properties Predictions. All the calculated properties were found in a permissible range. According to the data obtained from biological activity studies, it can be concluded that the methylene bridge at the position 2 of benzoxazole ring decreases cytotoxic activity on cancer cells and inhibitory activity on DNA topoisomerases.
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    Evaluation of Mutagenic Activities of Antimicrobial Benzoxazole Derivatives
    (Springer, 2022) Aydogan, Zeliha; Foto, Fatma Zilifdar; Foto, Egemen; Temiz-Arpaci, Ozlem; Diril, Nuran
    Benzoxazoles are heterocyclic compounds containing fused benzene and oxazole rings, which have been reported to possess antibacterial, antitubercular, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities. In this study, the mutagenic properties of fifteen benzoxazole derivatives reported previously to exhibit broad antimicrobial and potent antitumor effects were investigated for their genotoxic potential by employing the Ames test. The Ames test was conducted using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100 and TA102 tester strains in the standard plate incorporation assay with and without liver S9 fraction. The results were evaluated statistically and no mutagenic activity of test drugs was observed. Relationship between the structure and cytotoxic activity of compounds was evaluated using the SAR method based on data obtained via the Ames test system.