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    Perceived Organizational Democracy and Associated Factors: A Focused Systematic Review Based on Studies in Turkey
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) Geckil, Tahsin
    This review study provides an opportunity to look at the level of organizational democracy (OD) that a large sample of private- and public-sector employees in an emerging market (Turkey) perceive. The focused systematic review includes empirical studies examining employees' level of OD and associated work and organizational psychological variables, using the Organizational Democracy Scale (ODS) in Turkey. This paper includes studies published between January 2014 and April 2021 in the Google Academic, Dergipark, and Ulakbim databases and on the Turkish National Thesis Center website. From a total of 1,778 records, 37 empirical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included (with a total of N = 10,370 employees). Of these studies, 67.6% are published articles and manuscripts, 24% are unpublished dissertations, and 43.2% of the studies took place in the public sector. The results suggest that the level of employees' perceived OD was slightly above the medium level (mean: 3.30 & PLUSMN; 81), and the scores of the private-sector employees are higher than those of the public employees. Further, empirical associations between OD and 21 different outcome variables are reported and discussed. To varying extents, significant positive correlations were found between the level of employees' perceived OD and positive organizational variables, such as organizational citizenship behavior, organizational commitment, psychological capital, and job satisfaction. On the other hand, negative significant relationships occurred between OD and negatively evaluated organizational variables, such as job stress and organizational depression. The results of this study support the importance of organizational democracy as a management approach.
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    A Study on Developing the Organizational Democracy Scale
    (Ankara Haci Bayram Veli Univ, 2015) Geckil, Tahsin; Tikici, Mehmet
    The study aims to develop and test the Organizational Democracy Scale. In this methodological study, the scale development model comprising of three phases and ten steps was used. The sample consisted of 438 people. Following the content validity, the scale was applied to the sample. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, Pearson Moment Correlation, Chronbach's Alpha, Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis by using SPSS 21 and LISREL 8.8 programs. As a result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a 28-items scale with five factors has emerged. The correlation of the obtained scale with a similar scale was found to be.80 (p<0.001), and its Chornbach Alfa is .95, and lastly, its test-retest correlation coefficient was r=.87 (p<.001). According to the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the scale has satisfactory coherence criteria. The results show that the Organizational Democracy Scale is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to conduct surveys on employees' perception of democracy.