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    Comparison and Relationship of Quadriceps Femoris Angle, Muscle Strength, and Balance in Athletes and Non-Athletes
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Unuvar, Bayram Sonmez; Torlak, Mustafa Savas; Gercek, Hasan; Tufekci, Osman; Erdagi, Kenan; Isik, Bulent
    ObjectiveQ-angle is an important parameter to assess quadriceps muscle's function and its effect on knee. The present study aims to investigate the potential relationships between Q-angle, muscle strength, and balance in both athlete and non-athlete populations.MethodsFifty-six athletes and non-athletes aged between 18 and 20 were included in this cross-sectional study. The Q-angle of each participant was measured using a universal goniometer. Muscle strength was evaluated using hand-held dynamometer, and static and dynamic balance were assessed using the one-leg stand test and Y balance test, respectively.ResultsOur findings revealed that athletes had a significantly smaller Q angle than non-athletes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, male participants had both higher muscle strength and better static balance with eyes closed than female participants (p < 0.05). Similarly, athletes had both higher muscle strength and better static balance than non-athletes (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that the dominant limb had a significantly smaller Q angle than the non-dominant limb (p < 0.05). However, we did not observe a significant relationship between Q angle and dynamic balance (p > 0.05).ConclusionOur study suggests that individuals who participate in sports have lower Q angle values than those who do not participate in sports. Additionally, gender differences may exist in muscle strength and static balance. Furthermore, the Q angle was found to be lower in the non-dominant extremity compared to the dominant extremity. Finally, our study revealed a significant association between Q angle and knee muscle strength and static balance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these relationships.