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Öğe The effect of globalization, income and tourism on environment: An empirical analysis(Varna Univ Management-Vum, 2022) Ozcan, Ceyhun Can; Gerceker, Mustafa; Ozmen, Ibrahim; Mucuk, MehmetThis study investigates the impact of globalization, real income, and tourism on the environment in top 10 destinations that attract the most tourists, using panel unit root, panel cointegration, and panel cointegration estimators for the period between 1995 and 2014. Panel cointegration test results show that the series moves together in the long run. According to the long-run panel estimator results, an increase in real income negatively affects the environment in China, France, Spain, Thailand, and the UK. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Germany, Italy, the UK, and the United States. Globalization reduces environmental degradation in France and the UK. The short-run panel estimator shows that an increase in real income in all countries, except China, increases environmental degradation. Tourism decreases environmental degradation in Mexico and increases it in Spain. Finally, globalization contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation in Italy.Öğe The Empirical Analysis of Nominal Exchange Rate and Sectoral Output: An Investigation on Turkish Economy(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2017) Ozsahin, Serife; Gerceker, Mustafa; Ay, AhmetThis study aims to investigate the relationship between nominal exchange rate and sectoral output in seven sub-sectors of the Turkish economy by using control variables including money supply, public expenditure, oil prices and unemployment rate. Possible relations were tried to be determined by using bound test and ARDL method for the period 1998. Q1-2015Q3. It was concluded that there is a long-run relationship in all sectors excluding construction and accordingly, long-run coefficients and equations were estimated for six sectors. The estimation of long-run coefficients indicates that the rise in the nominal exchange rate affects sectoral output negatively at sectors where imported inputs are high because of the cost effect such as manufacturing industry.