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Öğe AGE AND SEX AFFECT SPATIAL AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORS IN RATS: THE ROLE OF REPEATED ELEVATED PLUS MAZE TEST(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2012) Belviranli, M.; Atalik, K. E. N.; Okudan, N.; Gokbel, H.The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex differences on locomotor activity, learning and memory in rats. Another objective was to investigate whether repeated elevated plus maze tests induce anxiety in rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into eight groups according to their sex, age and anxiety status. Locomotor activity was assessed in open field. Repeated anxiety tests were performed in elevated plus maze. Spatial learning and memory were evaluated with the Morris water maze. All behavioral tests were recorded online and analyzed offline with an analytical software. Exploratory behavior was lower in anxiety-induced rats. Male rats had lower anxiety levels, locomotor activity and exploratory behavior compared to females. During the training period of Morris water maze latency to find platform, total distance traveled and average swimming speed decreased in all groups with repeated tests and young rats generally were faster than aged rats. During the probe trial, although the number of platform crossings was not affected, time spent in the platform zone was higher in the young groups compared to the aged groups. In conclusion, age and sex affect locomotor activity, learning and memory in different aspects. (C) 2012 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Donepezil-induced response of Spirulina supplemented rat urinary bladder(Comenius Univ, 2013) Nurullahoglu-Atalik, K. E.; Okudan, N.; Gokbel, H.; Nurullahoglu, Z. U.Objective: At present, very little is known about the effects of donepezil on vascular reactivity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the responses of rat urinary bladder to donepezil (10(-10)-3x10(-4) M) and the role of Spirulina supplementation in these effects. Material and methods: Animals were divided into the two groups of six animals in each group. The first group received only distilled water daily as vehicle for six weeks and served as the control. The second group received Spirulina 750 mg kg (-1) orally, daily for six weeks and served as the spirulina group. Preparations of rat urinary bladder were used from both groups. Results: Donepezil produced concentration dependent relaxation of rat urinary bladder preparations pre-contracted with KCl. The pIC(50) value, but not the maximal response of donepezil, was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the Spirulina supplemented group. Conclusions: These results demonstrated for the first time that spirulina treatment can affect urinary bladder activity (Fig. 1, Ref. 20). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Effects of exercise preconditioning on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(Comenius Univ, 2014) Gokbel, H.; Oz, M.; Okudan, N.; Belviranli, M.; Esen, H.Background: To investigate the effects of exercise preconditioning on oxidative injury in the intestinal tissue of rats. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups as sham (n = 10), ischemia-reperfusion (n = 10), exercise (n = 10), exercise plus ischemia-reperfusion (n = 10), ischemic preconditioning (n = 10), and ischemic preconditioning plus ischemia-reperfusion groups (n = 10). Tissue levels of malondialdehyde and activities of myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase, and serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 were measured. Intestinal tissue histopathology was also evaluated by light microscopy. Results: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentrations significantly decreased in the exercise group compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased and superoxide dismutase activity significantly decreased in ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the sham group (p < 0.05). Superoxide dismutase activity in the ischemic preconditioning and ischemic preconditioning plus ischemia-reperfusion groups were significantly higher compared to the ischemia-reperfusion and exercise groups (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, intestinal injury significantly attenuated in the exercise plus ischemia-reperfusion group compared to the ischemia-reperfusion group. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that exercise training seems to have a protective role against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (Tab. 3, Fig. 1, Ref. 35). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe The role of nitric oxide on the responses of curcumin-treated rat aorta(Comenius Univ, 2012) Nurullahoglu-Atalik, K. E.; Gokbel, H.; Oz, M.; Okudan, N.; Belviranli, M.; Esen, H.Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) on the vascular responses of curcumin-treated rats. Methods: The experimental groups included the control and curcumin-treated (200 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 4 weeks) group. The concentration response curves to receptor-dependent agent 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10(-9)-3x10(-4) M) and receptor-independent agent potassium chloride (KCl; 5-100 mM) were observed. Results: The concentration response curves to 5-HT and KCl shifted to the right and the maximal response was significantly decreased in the curcumin-treated rat aortas. A pretreatment of rings with L-NAME (a NOS inhibitor, 10(-4) M) increased both the sensitivity and maximal response to only 5-HT. No apparent histological changes were demonstrated in smooth muscle and connective tissue layers in the aortas of the control and curcumin-treated rat preparations. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that NO release from endothelial cells modulates curcumin-treated rat aorta responses to 5-HT, but not to KCl (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 25). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.
