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Öğe Alteration in the oxidative status of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with a diet containing Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae)(Brill, 2020) Gunes, EdaThe aim of the this study was to evaluate the effects of fresh, dried and freeze-dried Centaurea depressa M. Bieb. (Asteraceae) on the oxidant and antioxidant status of the model organism D. melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) experimentally. The study was carried out from 2016 to 2019, and plant leaf extracts (0-50 mg/I) were added to insect standard artificial diets. The total protein, protein carbonyl content and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were quantified at the insect's third larval stage. Our data showed that protein carbonyl content varied from 2.70 nmol/mg protein in the control group to 59.11 nmol/mg protein in the group fed with fresh leaf extract signifying induction of oxidative stress. All extracts increased the levels of all antioxidant enzymes and decreased the amounts of total protein. Meanwhile, the group fed with the freeze-dried extract showed no significant difference in the levels of total protein and protein carbonyl content except at the 50 mg/l concentration of the extract. Moreover, this group had superoxide dismutase and catalase activities 4 to 5 times higher than in the control group. In conclusion, induction of oxidative stress indicates that the fresh form of C. depressa leaves may have potential as a natural pesticide, whereas induction of endogenous antioxidant enzymes by the freeze-dried extract suggest its potential as an antioxidant.Öğe Antioxidant and Anti-Atherogenic Properties of Hawthorn Vinegar in Drosophila melanogaster Fed a High-Fat Diet(New Century Health Publishers, Llc, 2022) Sayin, Kubra; Gunes, EdaConsumption of vinegar has been associated with protection against hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Hawthorn is a medicinal plant with hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, digestive modulator, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardiac stimulant, and hypotensive properties. Therefore, Hawthorn vinegar rich in bioactives (epicatechin, triterpene, saponins, oligomeric procyanidins, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids) may present a greater value as a functional food for the management of lifestyle diseases. Drosophila melanogaster, when placed on a high-fat diet, exhibit decreased life span and increased antioxidant enzymes. In this high-fat diet fly model, the Hawthorn vinegar led to a significant increase in mean life span, antioxidant enzyme activities, and reduction in malonyldialdehyde level. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme II activities, the measures of antiglycemic and antihypertensive potentials, respectively.Öğe The antioxidant effect of chitosan on virgin and mated Drosophila females(Elsevier, 2023) Gunes, Eda; Nizamlioglu, Hatice FerhanMating causes decreased life span and oxidative damage in female Drosophila. We investigated the effect of under mating and virginity oxidative stress-induced damage and soluble Chitosan (Ch) supplementation. It was determined as antioxidant capacity (TAS) and total oxidation (TOS), triacylglycerol (TAG), protein and glycogen concentration of Ch (1-20 mg/mL) on young-old mated and virgin flies (Drosophila melanogaster). We were found that females of mating and aging groups feeding with Ch were lower levels of stress. Feeding with high con-centrations of Ch in aging decreased the amount of TAG and glycogen, while increasing the amount of protein. The study suggests that higher antioxidant defenses in virgin and old females confer resistance to oxidative stress, because of feeding with 20% Ch. Data shows that mating status affects fly physiology and metabolism in free radical processes.Öğe Antioxidant effects of ankaferd blood stopper doped polyvinyl pyrolidon in an experimental model created in insect(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Gunes, EdaThis research evaluated Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS)-doped Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofiber layers which were produced with the electrospinning method for their potential for co-use in response to oxidative stress. As a result of the use of such a preparation (ABS doped PVP) in long-term treatments, the response to oxidative stress was compared to biochemical parameters, and its effect on sex was also aimed to be determined. For this purpose, Drosophila melanogaster foods were coated with 10% PVP, ABS (2 ml) and PVP-ABS. In total, 300 flies were randomized into 6 groups, each consisting of 25 female and 25 male insects, and the insects were fed with the determined coated mediums. The effects of foods on adult flies were tested for biochemical changes (Malon-dialdehyde-MDA and Total oxidation status-TOS, Glutathione-S-Transferase-GST, Catalase-CAT and Superoxide dismutase-SOD activities, Total antioxidant capacity-TAS) at the end of ten days. It was determined that the separate use of the two substances increased the amount of MDA in both sexes. It was found that the combined use of PVP-ABS had a positive effect similar to the control by increasing the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GST). Feeding with ABS-doped PVP in the male insects reduced TOS (2.00 +/- 0.01 mu mol H(2)O(2)Eq/L), but the female insects were found to have higher OSI (40.00 +/- 0.01 mu mol H(2)O(2)Eq/L). As a result, PVP-ABS may be used together as an antioxidant, but more detailed studies are needed for their safe use on both sexes.Öğe THE ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECT OF CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT OZONE(Health & Environment Assoc, 2017) Gunes, Eda; Kunt, FatmaAirborne environmental pollutants play important role in the biological parameters of animals, plants, mushrooms and microorganisms. Uncontrolled ozone gas directly affects non-target organisms. In this study, crude extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. fruits was evaluated for antioxidant activities against ozone, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was used as a model organism. Insect larvae were grown up in the laboratory. Given ozone (0.2-1 ppm) for two hours adults were fed with different concentrations of this plant fruit. Lipid peroxidation product such as Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes, Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) levels were determined in male and female. The effect of C. colocynthis on antioxidant defense system of D. melanogaster were investigated. This study has shed light on whether or not herbal treatments are sufficient, in order to remove free radicals from the organism caused by environmental pollutants.Öğe Chitosan That Renewable Film and Coatings, Evaluation in Terms of Drosophila(Amg Transcend Assoc, 2022) Gunes, Eda; Ercetin, Hatice KubraThe dried mulberry (Morus alba) is among the fruits that occurrence a high risk of storage pests due to its high sugar content. Coating materials slow down the chemical spoilage that will occur in foods. The effect of the coating material used in the study on mulberry and Drosophila melanogaster was determined. The insect's weight, texture, and biochemical analysis (Total oxidant-TOS; total antioxidant levels-TAS; oxidative stress index-OSI; Glutathione-S-transferase-GST and Catalase-CAT enzymes) were determined as a result of the application. In terms of weight, it was observed that the weight of individuals fed with 1% chitosan-coated mulberry was higher in female and male individuals. In terms of texture, the highest hardness was measured in males fed 0.2% chitosan and females fed 1% chitosan. Because of the biochemical analysis, the insect does not create resistance. The GST, CAT and TAS enzymes are synthesized close to normal. The OSI is low without increasing TOS, indicating that 1 and 2% coated mulberries are usable in environments and insects.Öğe Drosophila in Food and Nutrition Studies(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, 2016) Gunes, EdaThis is a review study aimed to describe the changes on a model organism; Drosophila melanogaster by taking varies nutrition into the body. Many plants, with the exception of being used naturally, are known to be used in alternative medicine as a drug or antioxidant substance. Depending on the amount of usage; these substances could have an effect of antimicrobial activity, changes on the biological parameters and oxidant-antioxidant effects. It is observed that various chemicals, food additives, spices or flavorings herbs and oils used in traditional or local dishes cause morphological, physiological, biochemical responses on D. melanogaster. Determination of safe consumption amount of herbal products added to artificial food is important to human beings affected through the food chain and presents more detailed and required study.Öğe The effect of food safety education on food safety knowledge, attitudes, behaviors of individuals who work in food and beverage departments in Turkey(Elsevier, 2020) Sanli, Nevin; Sormaz, Umit; Gunes, EdaThe current study was conducted to compare the effects of the training models implemented to enhance food safety knowledge, attitude, and habits of food handlers operating in food, and beverage departments in the tourism industry in Turkey. The staff working in food and beverage departments in hotels and restaurants was selected as a sample to determine how food safety and hygiene training provided at different periods through different techniques have impacts on knowledge, attitude and, behavior. The target group is composed of the staff working in the food and beverage departments of hotels and restaurants in the tourism industry. Between the period September 2018 and December 2019, long-term and shortterm training was given to 1150 personnel and the memorability of the training content was checked during controls. Research data were collected by the researchers with face-to-face interviews through a questionnaire form. Data analysis was carried out by using the SPSS 15.0 statistical package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). As a result of the study, it was concluded that long-term training stimulated a positive change in food safety and, hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practices (p < 0.001), and the permanence was verified during controls. Even though short-term training also had a positive changes in food safety and hygiene knowledge, attitude, and practices (p < 0.001), no significant difference was observed and the permanence could not be verified during controls (p > 0.001). Due to the findings of the study, it is recommended to provide the staff working in food and beverage departments of hotels and restaurants with food safety and hygiene training, and to compose a long-term training model to ensure the transformation of food safety and hygiene knowledge to be reflected in attitudes and habits.Öğe The effect of olive (Olea europaea L.) phenolics and sugar on Drosophila melanogaster's development(Brill Academic Publishers, 2018) Gunes, Eda; Danacioglu, Derya ArslanOlive leaves (Olea europaea L.) contain phenolics that are used for various aims and can also be utilized as free radical scavengers and as a powerful antioxidant source. In this study, our aim was to observe the effects of olive phenolics on the survival rate, development, sex ratio, and adult longevity of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) fed with sugar and with a sugar-free diet. The amount of malondialdehyde and the activity of glutathione S-transferase were examined with UV-VIS spectrophotometry in third-stage larvae, pupae and adults. For this purpose, dried olive fruit and leaf extracts were added at different concentrations to the insect's sugary diets. The results reveal that 12 mg/L phenolic fruit extract and 4 M sucrose had a negative impact on the development and survival of these insects. It was also found that phenolic leaf extract and low sugar concentrations changed the sex ratio, leading to fewer females and more males. The use of phenolic fruit and phenolic leaf extracts with increased sugar-based diets raised the amount of oxidation as well as the detoxification activity in this model organism. These results demonstrate that low amounts of sugar and olive phenolics may be used as an adjunct to adult nutrients to improve the insect's adult characteristics.Öğe The Effect of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on the Total Oxidative Stress Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae)(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ, 2016) Gunes, EdaChenopodium quinoa Willd., the consumption of which has increased since 2013, is a good source for essential amino acids, vitamins and minerals. In this paper, it is aimed to determine the total oxidation and antioxidant levels and the interaction between them for Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults fed with quinoa added artificial diets. D. melanogaster larvae were cultivated with quinoa flour (0.1-1%) until the adult stage. Total antioxidant capacity (TAS), total oxidant stress (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined in adults fed with quinoa concentrations. When compared to control, a significant increase was observed in the TOS acitivity (11.55 +/- 0.07 mu mol) of the insect fed with the lowest concentration (0.1%). It was detected that while quinoa adding to the nutritional compounds increased the level of oxidation, the level of antioxidant activity unchanged. The consumption of large amounts of quinoa increased antioxidant activity (1.85 +/- 0.03 mmol). It is emphasized that the usage of quinoa as an eco-friendly method might play an important role for protection of the enviroment.Öğe THE EFFECT OF WHEAT GERM ON THE TOTAL OXIDATIVE STRESS DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER(Health & Environment Assoc, 2016) Gunes, Eda; Kunt, FatmaWheat germ is rich in polyunsaturated fats and affected the storage qualities of flour. Diet content is important for the oxidant-antioxidant system because insufficient or excessive nutrition can cause health problems in human diet. This study was investigated the effects of a wheat germ flour diet on total oxidation and antioxidant levels and the relationship between them in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults. D. melanogaster (W1118) larvae were fed with wheat germ flour (1-5%) until the adult stage. Total oxidant stress (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined in adult individuals, and obtained data were compared with SPSS. 17 (p< 0,05). It's stressed that a good amount of increase will occur in the activity of TOS (13,55 mu mol/L) which the insects fed by the highest concentration (5%) compared to controls. It is detected that adding wheat germ to nutritional compounds in low concentrations reduces the level of oxidation whereas the consumption of large amounts increases the level of oxidation. The usability of wheat germ was investigated as a source of dietary supplement and determined that wheat germ will be used easily at level of 1% in non-target organisms by paying attention to usage doses and storage conditions.Öğe Gastronomy in Tourism(Elsevier Science Bv, 2016) Sormaz, Umit; Akmese, Halil; Gunes, Eda; Aras, SercanCulinary culture has been an area that has been ignored until recently. However, culinary culture is always the longest-surviving part of a culture and tradition. To put it in a different way, cuisines where many different identities of a society merge together and national feelings are felt most are a mirror of daily life styles, religious beliefs, habits, traditions and customs. Changes of eating style in societies and rising the value of eating socially have been one of the reasons for movements in tourism activities. Gastronomy tourism has become major and has become a rapidly growing component of the attractiveness of tourism destination in recent years. The marketing opportunities to gastronomy tourism are being developed by the countries given importance to that issue. Tourists' wishes to experience the local tastes in the destinations and accommodation facilities have prepared the ground for the development of gastronomy tourism. Tourism businesses that realized the importance to gastronomy tourism given by local and foreign tourists have featured the gastronomic factors in their facilities. Therefore, it is ensured that to take attention for gastronomy, tourism should be managed in coordination with all tourism-related foundations and civil society organizations and with the encouragement of relevant ministries. In addition, the promotional activities are required to be taken in measurable ways by gastronomic tourism developers. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.Öğe IN VIVO USE OF WATERMELON SEEDS(Health & Environment Assoc, 2019) Gunes, EdaIt is possible to evaluate agricultural products from seed to shell. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important vegetable species made in the world farming watermelon, Cucubitaceae is a plant belonging to the family. It is aimed to determine the effect of watermelon seed which is natural waste on nutrition (directly and indirectly by consumption). For this purpose, the nutrients of the model organism (Drosophila melanogaster) were fed by mixing the watermelon seed (0.1-10%). Survival rate and development time of the insect is determined. Besides the use of watermelon seeds as an alternative by-product, the impact on living beings as a waste is discussed.Öğe Investigation of the protective effect of acetazolamide and SLC-0111 on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in fruit fly(Elsevier, 2021) Gunes, Eda; Aydin, Hasan; Nizamlioglu, Hatice FerhanSulfonamide-based compounds in the development of drugs used in cancer treatment have been started to be investigated recently. In the current work, it was determined the protective effect of Acetazolamide (AAZ) and SLC-0111 on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). AAZ and SLC-0111 were used as a nonselective and selective inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase isozymes, respectively, to compare the selectivity effect of drugs on toxicity. The experimental toxicity was created by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) that causes tissue damage to the first stage larvae of fruit fly and used as a model organism. The effect of AAZ and SLC-0111 on toxicity of insect survival, sex ratio, longevity and some biochemical parameters such as Malondialdehyde-MDA content, Superoxide dismutase-SOD and Glutathione-S-transferase-GST activity were tested. According to the data obtained, feeding of insects with AAZ and SLC-0111 (2.5 and 10 mM, respectively) affected their survival and development positively against the toxicity induced by CCl4. Compared to the control group, GST and SOD activity was higher in pups and adults (SLC-0111 < AAZ). Because of this study, SLC-0111 is thought to be useful in protecting against the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species.Öğe Is Turkish coffee protects Drosophila melanogaster on cadmium acetate toxicity by promoting antioxidant enzymes?(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Gunes, Eda; Sensoy, ErhanWith their increasing use in today's industry, heavy metals cause biochemical and biophysical changes by affecting the control and regulatory systems of living things. Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal, spreads to the environment through both natural sources and industrial activities. It is taken into the organism through water, food, skin contact or smoke. Systems and organs of living things are directly or indirectly affected by Cd toxicity. Besides their recreational usage, herbal products such as coffee are preferred in alternative medicine because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic effects. Turkish coffee (TK) is a drink rich in flavorings, phenolic compounds and antioxidant compounds. The study evaluated the possible antioxidant role of TK against oxidative stress induced by Cadmium acetate (CdA) in the fat tissues of old-young female individuals of Drosophila melanogaster. The female flies were fed with either a standard diet, or CdA (10-30 mg), or TK (2%), or both (CdA + TK) for 3 and 10 days. Following the completion of the feeding period, the amounts of fatbody and oxidative stress markers (oxidative stress index, malondialdehyde), activities of antioxidant enzymes (Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase) and their levels were measured. Fat body lipid droplets were high in the individuals exposed to high concentrations of CdA. It was determined that lipid droplets decreased but did not significantly alter oxidative stress in the individuals treated with TK (p = 0.05). This article may be of help in terms of the use of TK compounds as antioxidants to evaluate their effects in preventing heavy metal accumulation and stress in the aging process.
