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    A Cross-sectional Study; 2015 Evaluation of Lung Graphs
    (Kare Publ, 2018) Alkan, Ender; Pekgor, Selma; Tolu, Ismet; Inal, Zeynep Ozturk; Kucukkendirci, Hasan
    Objectives:This study was an evaluation of posteroanterior chest radiographs taken of residents of Konya determined by the cluster sampling method. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in cooperation with the Konya Education and Research Hospital, the provincial health directorate, and the metropolitan municipality. The sociodemographic characteristics of 2015 individuals participating in the study were recorded. The standard chest radiographs, which were taken with a traditional analog system during inspiration in the standing position, were evaluated by 2 radiologists.The most obvious pathological finding was recorded. Results: Of the participants, 1075 (53.40%) were female and 940 (46.60%) were male. The mean age was 45.89 +/- 0.45 years for the women and 46.20 +/- 0.54 years for the men. In the group, 340 (16.90%) were retired, 492 (24.40%) were farmers and/or laborers, 144 (7.10%) were white-collar employees, and 1039 (51.60%) were housewives or unemployed. In all, 580 (28.80%) were cigarette smokers. While 249 (12.36%) had pathological findings on the chest radiograph, 1766 (87.64%) had normal results.The pathological findings were hilar fullness (n=50, 2.48%), emphysematous appearance (n=48, 2.38%), nodule (n=29, 1.44%), increased reticulonodular density (n=26, 1.29%), increased bronchovascular branching (n=9, 0.44%), bronchiectasis (n=4, 0.20%), and other changes (n=83, 4.12%). The incidence of emphysematous appearance was 2.77 times greater in the smokers than in the non-smokers (p<0.05; odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-4.91). While the chest X-ray was normal in 93.50% of the individuals under the age of 40 years, the rate decreased to 84.60% in the individuals over the age of 40 years. The incidence of a pathological chest radiograph was also 2.62 times higher in individuals over the age of 40 years (p<0.001; OR: 2.62, CI:1.90-3.61). Conclusion: The incidence of pathological lung findings was greater in individuals over the age of 40 years, and in workers and retirees.
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    A Cross-sectional Study; 2015 Evaluation of Lung Graphs
    (Kare Publ, 2018) Alkan, Ender; Pekgor, Selma; Tolu, Ismet; Inal, Zeynep Ozturk; Kucukkendirci, Hasan
    Objectives:This study was an evaluation of posteroanterior chest radiographs taken of residents of Konya determined by the cluster sampling method. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in cooperation with the Konya Education and Research Hospital, the provincial health directorate, and the metropolitan municipality. The sociodemographic characteristics of 2015 individuals participating in the study were recorded. The standard chest radiographs, which were taken with a traditional analog system during inspiration in the standing position, were evaluated by 2 radiologists.The most obvious pathological finding was recorded. Results: Of the participants, 1075 (53.40%) were female and 940 (46.60%) were male. The mean age was 45.89 +/- 0.45 years for the women and 46.20 +/- 0.54 years for the men. In the group, 340 (16.90%) were retired, 492 (24.40%) were farmers and/or laborers, 144 (7.10%) were white-collar employees, and 1039 (51.60%) were housewives or unemployed. In all, 580 (28.80%) were cigarette smokers. While 249 (12.36%) had pathological findings on the chest radiograph, 1766 (87.64%) had normal results.The pathological findings were hilar fullness (n=50, 2.48%), emphysematous appearance (n=48, 2.38%), nodule (n=29, 1.44%), increased reticulonodular density (n=26, 1.29%), increased bronchovascular branching (n=9, 0.44%), bronchiectasis (n=4, 0.20%), and other changes (n=83, 4.12%). The incidence of emphysematous appearance was 2.77 times greater in the smokers than in the non-smokers (p<0.05; odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-4.91). While the chest X-ray was normal in 93.50% of the individuals under the age of 40 years, the rate decreased to 84.60% in the individuals over the age of 40 years. The incidence of a pathological chest radiograph was also 2.62 times higher in individuals over the age of 40 years (p<0.001; OR: 2.62, CI:1.90-3.61). Conclusion: The incidence of pathological lung findings was greater in individuals over the age of 40 years, and in workers and retirees.
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    Foetal umbilical cord brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Bayman, Melike Geyik; Inal, Zeynep Ozturk; Hayiroglu, Fatih; Ozturk, Elif Nur Yildirim; Gezginc, Kazim
    The aim of our study was to investigate whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in foetal umbilical cord blood. A total of 96 participants were divided into a GDM group (n = 43) and a non-diabetic control group (n = 53). Cord blood samples of approximately 5 cc were taken immediately after the foetal umbilical cord was clamped during delivery in order to determine BDNF levels. While the mean age, body mass index, birth weight, rate of caesarean delivery, rate of infant macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission of women with GDM were significantly higher compared to the non-diabetic control group (p < .05), pregnancy complications were comparable between the groups (p > .05). Although no significant differences were noted between the groups with respect to cord blood BDNF levels (0.79 +/- 0.37 ng/ml vs. 0.69 +/- 017 ng/ml, p = .122), cord blood BDNF values were higher in female infants compared to male infants (0.85 +/- 0.33 ng/ml vs. 0.66 +/- 0.23 ng/ml, p = .001) and in patients using insulin compared to those not using insulin in the GDM group (0.78 +/- 0.14 ng/ml vs. 0.62 +/- 0.09 ng/ml, p < .001). This study found that GDM has no effect on cord blood BDNF levels. More in-depth studies with larger series are needed to validate the results of the present study.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) negatively affects the foetal neurodevelopment due to inflammation and oxidative stress caused by hyperglycaemia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression has been shown to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, and there may be a relationship between varying BDNF concentrations and GDM. What do the results of this study add? Our study showed that no significant differences were noted between the groups with respect to cord blood BDNF levels, cord blood BDNF values were higher in female infants compared to male infants, and in patients using insulin compared to those not using insulin in the GDM group. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? GDM negatively affects the foetal neurodevelopment due to inflammation and oxidative stress caused by hyperglycaemia. BDNF expression has also been shown to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation, and there may be a relationship between varying BDNF concentrations and GDM. The association between BDNF expression and GDM has not been clearly elucidated in the literature. More in-depth studies with larger series are needed to determine this relationship.
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    Investigation of cesarean sections at Konya Training and Research Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between 2010 and 2015
    (Via Medica, 2017) Inal, Zeynep Ozturk; Inal, Hasan Ali; Kucukkendirci, Hasan; Oruc, Ayla Sargin
    Objectives: Analysis of the annual distribution of cesarean sections and indications between 2010 and 2015 in our clinic. Material and methods: Medical records of 10,437 cesarean section patients from a total number of 24,283 deliveries performed at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between 2010-2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The indications for Cesarean section were analyzed and compared based on years. Results: The lowest cesarean section rate was 18.67% in 2011 and the highest rate was 24.5% in 2013, and the annual rates were close to each other in this 6-year period (p > 0.05). History of uterine surgery was the indication with the highest rate of 49.52%, while fetal distress was the second most frequent with 12.53%; presentation anomalies were observed as the most frequent third indication with 7.55%, and umbilical cord prolapse was the least frequent indication with 0.33%. Conclusions: Patient education about normal delivery and providing means for pain control during normal delivery, improvement in physical conditions of the clinics, frequent and regular training of the assisting staff with obstetrics physicians are important to diminish the rates of primary cesarean sections. In addition, a normal delivery after a previous cesarean section must be encouraged.
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    Spermiogram Test Results of Patients Presenting to our IVF Center Due to Infertility
    (Derman Medical Publ, 2017) Inal, Zeynep Ozturk; Inal, Hasan Ali; Aksoy, Emine; Kucukkendirci, Hasan
    Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the semen samples of patients who had presented to our andrology laboratory for spermiogram analysis, according to the WHO 2010 criteria. Material and Method: Spermiogram tests of 10,153 patients who had presented to our andrology laboratory between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were classified as normozoospermia, oligozoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, teratozoospermia, astenozoospermia, oligoastenoteratozoospermia, and azoospermia. Age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, smoking habit, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, fast food consumption, cellular phone use, and history of previous varicocele surgery were evaluated as well. Results: The distribution of 10,153 admissions across years was as follows: 2010: 574; 2011: 1,118; 2012: 1,583; 2013: 2,008; 2014: 2,346; and 2015: 2,524. 9,219 of the participants (90.80%) were married. All were between 17-65 years of age; the mean age was 37.73 +/- 14.04. The mean BMI was 25.79 +/- 4.03. 4,715 (46.44%) of the presenting individuals were smokers, 67 (0.66%) used alcohol, and 693 (6.82%) were smokers and alcohol users. Only 14 (0.13%) had drug abuse. 3,298 (32.48%) consumed fast food and 9,997 (98.46%) used cellular phones. 1,827 (17.99%) had a history of varicocele surgery. According to the WHO 2010 criteria, 4,330 (42.56%) had normozoospermia, 1,952 (19.22%) had teratozoospermia, 1,238 (12.20%) had oligoastenoteratozoospermia, 807 (7.94%) had severe oligozoospermia, 759 (7.48%) had astenozoospermia, 717 (7.06%) had azoospermia, and 351 (3.45%) had oligozoospermia. Discussion: Our data demonstrate an increase in male infertility over the period of the study, and further studies are needed to illuminate the causes of this increase and the preventable factors.