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    Analysis of fusion of sphenooccipital synchondrosis using computed tomography in Turkish population
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Candan, Busra; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Emlik, Ganimet Dilek; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin
    Ossification centres in the adult skeleton are important markers for age estimation. Sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS) is of particular significance in forensic anthropology case work due to its late closure in adolescent age groups. The aim of this study is to evaluate the SOS fusion degree for age estimation of the Turkish population. In this study, images of 298 patients within the age of 5 to 25 years were retrospectively examined. The fusion degree of the SOS was assessed using a 5-stage system. Eight morphological measurements were taken from sagittal images and completely open types. We found that the upper end width of the synchondrosis was significantly lower than the lower end width of the synchondrosis. SOS fusion began at the superior border of the synchondrosis. Fusion starts 2 years earlier in females than in males, and the process of fusion completes at the age of 17 years in males and at the age of 19 years in females in this study. In conclusion, we consider that the differences in SOS fusion among studies are due to racial diversity and different methodologies and the SOS fusion stage is as a supportive evidence for age estimation in the presence of other clues.
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    Definition of an Effective Site for Greater and Third Occipital Nerve Block in the Nuchal Region: A Fetal Cadaver Study
    (Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2023) Yagmurkaya, Ummuhan; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin
    AIM: To determine the localization of the greater occipital nerve and the third occipital nerve according to palpable bone landmarks and their relationship with muscles in the suboccipital region and to define an effective zone for clinical approaches. MATERIAL and METHODS: This study was conducted on 15 fetal cadavers. Bone landmarks to be used as reference were determined by palpation, and measurements were taken before dissection. The location, relationship and variation of these nerves and muscles (trapezius, semispinalis capitis, obliquus capitis inferior) were noted. RESULTS: It was detected that the nape triangular area formed between the reference points was scalene in males and isosceles in females. It was found that greater occipital nerve pierced aponeurosis of trapezius and passed under obliquus capitis inferior in all fetal cadavers and 96.7% of them had pierced semispinalis capitis. It was determined that the greater and third occipital nerve pierced the trapezius aponeurosis approximately 2 cm below the reference line and 0.5-1 cm lateral to the midline. CONCLUSION: One of the important factors for the high success rate in suboccipital invasive procedures in the pediatric population is to know the location of the nerves in the region correctly. We believe that the results of this study will contribute to the literature.
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    Internal Acoustic Opening: Different Osseous Landmarks and their Clinical Implications
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2022) Saygin, Duygu Akin; Turkoglu, Fatma Nur; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Alpa, Serife
    Internal acoustic opening is a space that opens to facies posterior of the petrous piece of temporal bone that goes inside facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, intermedial nevre and labyrinthine artery. The purpose of this study is the assessment of internal acoustic opening from a morphometric perspective, determination of the shape of the hole and determination of the distance to some important anatomic formations. This study is conducted on 166 temporal bones with unknown sex formation which arc part of the skull collection in NEU and KTO Karatay University, Anatomy Department. In this study, the vertical and diameter of internal acoustic meatus, its distance to the bottom and top sides of posterior surface of the petrous part, its distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus and its distance to apex were measured. Moreover, in this study internal acoustic opening spaces are categorized into six groups as round, oval, U-shaped, fissure, irregular and V shape. Digital caliper was used for internal acoustic meatus measurements. While the vertical horizontal diameters and distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus of internal acoustic opening on the right side are 4.12 mm, 6.83 mm and 19.64mm respectively, they are 4.56 mm, 7.10 mm and 21.06 mm on the left side respectively. We have observed in this study, 37.3 % of the internal acoustic opening as round, 34.3 % as oval, 6.6 % as U-shaped, 6.6 % as fissure, 12.7 % as irregular and 2.4 % as V-shaped. We believe that these measurements can provide guidance and help in surgical procedures
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    Morphological structure and variations of fetal lateral meniscus: the significance in convenient diagnosis and treatment
    (Springer, 2019) Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Akin, Duygu; Bilge, Onur
    Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate of morphometry of the lateral meniscus (LM) and determine incidence of the LM shapes. Methods This study was performed on fetal cadaver collection of Anatomy Department of Necmettin Erbakan University. Fifty human fetal cadavers (25 female, 25 male human fetal cadavers) were used in this study. Microdissection was performed. Morphometric measurements were performed. LM were classified into four types and five subtypes. Results In this study, it was identified that all parameters which were measured were found to be increased with gestational ages. Four morphological types and five morphological subtypes were determined. It was found that 12% of the LM were crescent-shaped, 66% of the LM were C-shaped, 14% of the LM were incomplete-disc-shaped, 2% of the LM were disc-shaped, 6% of the LM were variant C-shaped. Conclusions A few studies on fetal meniscal anatomy and its development were performed. Each new study is important for having detailed anatomy and development of the fetal menisci which will have both clinical and anatomical impacts during childhood and adulthood for orthopedic surgeons and anatomists, respectively. The most important results of this study were the detailed objective analysis of the macroscopic fetal growth of LM. It was significantly observed that four morphological types and five morphological subtypes of LM. The results of the present study related with both the observation of morphological development of the fetal meniscal anatomy, and its morphological variants, are important in terms of improving our knowledge, and clinical approach on the description, and the management of the symptomatic lateral discoid meniscus tears in children, adolescents, and adults. The clinical relevance of this study was that this classification of fetal menisci could ameliorate our current understanding of the morphology of lateral meniscus in adult, further.
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    Morphometric Analysis of the Inferior Vena Cava Related to Lumbar Vertebra and the Aortic Bifurcation on Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT)
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2016) Keskinoz, Elif Nedret; Salbacak, Ahmet; Akin, Duygu; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Ozbek, Orhan
    Vascular structures are in greater danger during lumbar surgery. The purpose of this study is to describe the morphology of the inferior vena cava (IVC) related to the lumbar vertebra and aortic bifurcation (AB) and assessing the role of demographic values in these relations to decrease the risk of complications in the surgical interventions. The study was performed on Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) images of 100 male and 100 female cases with an age range from 50 to 84 years. The morphometric values of the IVC obtained from the coronal, sagittal and the axial reformatted images were measured and compared with the demographic values. The distance from the IVC to the 1st lumbar vertebra (L1) and 2nd lumbar vertebra (L2) were measured as (26.5 mm and 18.1 mm) in males and (21.1 mm and 14.2 mm) in females with a high level of significance between genders; the distance from the IVC to the iliocaval confluence (IC), 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3) and 4rd lumbar vertebra (L4) were measured as (6.5 mm, 10.5 mm and 6.9 mm) in males and (4.9 mm, 9.1 mm and 5.5 mm) in females with significance between genders. The level of the IC was detected 46 % of males, 39 % of females at the level of lower third of L4. The vertical distance between the IC and the AB was measured and negative correlation between genders based on age was detected. Demographic values are important to consider the relationship of the IVC, the lumbar vertebra and the AB. The IVC was located further from the lumbar vertebra in males compared to females. Age increase played role in the approaching of the AB and the IC to each other in both gender and the IC to the promontory level in males.
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    Sural nerve harvest for infants: integrated with information based on anatomical dissections
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) BUYUKMUMCU, Mustafa; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; SAYGIN, Duygu A. K. I. N.; YILMAZ, Mehmet Tugrul; Seker, Muzaffer
    Background/aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the course and possible variations of the sural nerve with all anatomical details in human fetal cadavers. Materials and methods: This study was performed on 60 fetal cadavers. Formation type and level of the sural nerve was detected. Results: According to trimesters, it was determined that the mean transverse and vertical distance between the lowest point of the LM and the SN varied between 1.1 and 2.9 mm and 1.54 and 3.58 mm, respectively. Type 2 was the most common seen type of sural nerve (35.83%). It was determined that the sural nerve was mostly formed at the middle third of the leg (42.5%). Conclusion: Sural nerve graft with the knowledge of the anatomical details may be used for peripheral nerve reconstruction is required in congenital lesions, such as facial paralysis, obstetric brachial paralysis, and posttraumatic lesions in infants and children.
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    Typing and Morphometric Analysis of the Pterion on Human Skull of Central Anatolia
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Saygin, Duygu Akin; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Alpa, Serife; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul
    Introduction: Pterion is seen in the norma lateralis of the skull and is shaped like the letter H. Pterional approach such as retro-orbital, sellar, sub-frontal, replate areas, anterior circulation, and olfactory meningiomas, tumors involving downstream of the frontal lobe such as the orbital, basilar artery aneurysm is a commonly preferred surgical approach. The present study focused on the typing of the pterion and morphometric measurements between the pterion and surrounding important anatomic spots. Material and Methods: The present study was performed with pterion typing of 107 skull (a total of 214 sides including the right and left sides) within Anatomy Laboratories of Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, and KTO Karatay University, Medicine Faculty. Distance between the pterion and some important (mid-point of the superior edge of the zygomatic arch, the anterior and posterior edge of the frontozygomatic suture, the tip of the mastoid process, and anterosuperior edge of suprameatal spine and asterion) spots were measured through a digital caliper in millimeter. In addition to the classification made by Murphy, three different classifications were made. The pterion was classified into seven types. Results: The rates of the types were sphenoparietal type by 55.60%, epipteric type by 3.73%, stellate type by 2.33%, frontotemporal type by 0.4%, wormian type by 5.14%, frontoparietal type by 8.87%, and frontoparietal sphenoidtype by 23.83%. Discussion and Conclusion: Morphometric characteristics of the pterion were detected in detail by the present study. Moreover, the knowledge of typing would serve as an important guide for surgical planning and procedures and may contribute to further anthropological studies. This study is aimed at the Central Anatolia population and can be conducted among other populations.