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Öğe DOES FOREIGN TRADE LIBERALIZATION REDUCE POVERTY IN TURKEY?(Varazdin Development & Entrepreneurship Agency, 2015) Ozcan, Gunay; Kar, MuhsinEconomic liberalization was one of the main components of stabilization policies implemented in the 1970s in many developing countries. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the import substation industrialization strategy, Turkey started to implement export-led growth strategy in the early 1980s and had become an integral part of the world economy. It is argued that trade liberalization by eliminating the obstacles in front of trade will spur the economic activities in the tradable goods and export sectors and create new employment opportunities. It is expected that trade liberalization leads economic growth and this, in turn, increase per capita income and reduces the poverty. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on poverty reduction in Turkey by using modern econometric techniques. The empirical findings show that trade liberalization has reduced poverty in Turkey.Öğe AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TOURISM DEMAND IN SELECTED COUNTRIES(Varazdin Development & Entrepreneurship Agency, 2015) Ozcan, Ceyhun Can; Kar, MuhsinTourism plays an important role in economic development and therefore many countries try to develop tourism policies to maximize benefits from this sector. In this vein, it is very important to empirically investigate the determinants of tourism demand for the policy makers both in public and private sectors. The aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect the demand for tourism in the most attractive first 10 countries for tourist and propose policy implications based upon the empirical findings. The study, by employing panel unit root, panel cointegration, panel error cointegration approach and by utilizing the data for the period 1995-2011, tries to determine whether income, price stability, supply capacity, exchange rate and political stability have any impacts on demand for tourism in the selected 10 countries. Econometric results obtained from panel cointegration analysis show that macroeconomic factors as such income, prices, supply capacity, exchange rate and political stability play statistically significant role in determining the demand for tourism in top 10 countries.Öğe The Future of the Tourism Sector after the Great Lockdown(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2020) Ozcan, Gunay; Kar, MuhsinThe global coronavirus outbreak, called Great Lockdown, has negative effects on all sectors. The psychological, sociological and especially economic negative effects of the outbreak are expected to continue in the short and medium term. The tourism sector is one of the sectors that are affected by the pandemic most. At the same time, accommodation, food and beverage, transportation and other sectors (souvenirs, carpet-rugs, etc.), which are subsectors related to tourism, have been exposed to the same effect. The tourism sector both in Turkey and in the world, is testing the highest employment decline in its history. The negative impact of these effects on the tourism sector is expected to continue increasingly. The year 2020 is considered a dead period for many sectors. It is estimated that perhaps the worst data of its history will be recorded for the tourism and travel industry in this period. The measures taken under the light of these leading indicators point to a period when radical consumption and production patterns will be tested and travel trends will change structurally.Öğe Resilience of the Turkish Financial System to Failed Coup Attempt(2016) Kayhan, Selim; Kar, MuhsinBu çalışma, 15 Temmuz darbe girişiminin finansal sistem ve Türk ekonomisine etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda finansal sektördeki dalgalanmayı görmek için birkaç değişkenin davranışını ve ekonomideki değişimi incelenecektir. Analiz sonuçları, finansal sistemin darbe girişiminden etkilenmediğini ve sektörün kısa süreli bir daralmadan sonra etkin bir şekilde çalıştığını göstermektedir.Öğe Role of Financial Development on Entrepreneurship in the Emerging Market Economies(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2016) Kar, Muhsin; Ozsahin, SerifeThis paper examines the role of financial development on entrepreneurship by employing panel data estimation methods for 17 emerging markets economies over the period 2004-2009. The financial development indicators, the impact of institutional factors and economic conditions on entrepreneurship will be empirically investigated in the analysis. In order to determine the linkages among the variables, two different measures for financial development and three institutional factors will be utilized in the analysis. Empirical findings indicate that while financial development and per capita income level have significantly and positively affected on entrepreneurship as theoretically expected, inflation rate has had negatively and significantly influencing entrepreneurship. Additionally, the effects of control of corruption and political stability, as institutional factors, on entrepreneurship are positive but insignificant.Öğe Trade openness, financial development and economic growth in turkey: linear and nonlinear causality analysis(2014) Kar, Muhsin; Nazlıoğlu, Şaban; Ağır, HüseyinBu makale, ticari açıklık, finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedenselliğin yönünü Türkiye için ampirik olarak test etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ocak 1989-Kasım 2007 dönemi aylık verileri kullanarak yapılan lineer ve lineer olmayan nedensellik yaklaşımları, i) ekonomik büyüme ve ticari açıklık arasında tek yönlü nedensellik olduğunu, ii) ekonomik büyümenin finansal gelişmeye neden olduğunu ve iii) finansal gelişmenin ticari açıklığa yol açtığını göstermektedir. Lineer ve lineer olmayan yaklaşımlar finansal gelişme, ticari açıklık ve ekonomik büyüme arasında güçlü nedensellik bağlantılarını doğrulamaktadır. Bu sonuçlar, 1989 yılından sonra sermaye hesabında serbestleşme tecrübe eden Türkiye'de, ekonomik büyümenin kısmen dış finansman üzerinden ticari serbestleşmeye bağlı olduğunu ima etmektedir.
