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Öğe Association between allergic diseases and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in childhood(Bilimsel Tip Yayinevi, 2015) Akyol, Sule Turan; Kilic, Mehtap; Guner, Sukru Nail; Karakurt, Melih Nuri; Akbas, Seher; Ozturk, Fadil; Sancak, RecepObjective: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood problem similar to allergic disorders. The aim of the study is to determine whether allergic disorders and atopy are associated with physician-diagnosed ADHD. Materials and Methods: This study was designed as a nested casecontrol study. One hundred sixty children were divided into three groups; 55 patients with ADHD, 55 children of healthy siblings of the study group and 50 unrelated healthy children. For each subject, an International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) questionnaire was completed. The total eosinophil count, total IgE levels were measured and skin prick tests were performed. Results: The prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in the ADHD group than the control group but was similar to the sibling group. Even though prevalence of rhinitis was significantly higher in ADHD group relative to the other groups, atopic rhinitis was similar in all groups. There were no significant differences for prevalence of eczema, elevated total IgE levels, eosinophil count and positive skin prick testing between any of the groups. Conclusion: The rhinitis seems to be a risk factor for ADHD while atopic status does not appear to be involved. Nasal obstruction and sleep disturbances due to rhinitis may affect the cognitive functions of individuals with ADHD. These individuals should be evaluated to determine whether or not (allergic) rhinitis accompanies ADHD.Öğe Glucocorticoid Receptor-? Is Downregulated by Vitamin D Treatment in Children with Low Vitamin D Levels but Not in Allergic Asthma(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2015) Guner, Sukru Nail; Sancak, Recep; Gulten, Sedat; Ozen, Ahmet; Kilic, Mehtap; Bedir, AbdulkerimBackground: Vitamin D (VitD) enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of glucocorticoids (GC) in vitro. It was hypothesized that VitD3 (colecalciferol) treatment could have an impact on the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) in a group of children with low VitD levels, with or without asthma. Methods: Asthmatic children and healthy controls, all with low serum VitD levels (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level <30 ng/mL) were recruited. VitD3 treatment at a dose of 300,000 IU was given orally. Blood samples were obtained at admission and 1 month after the treatment to examine serum 25(OH)D levels and the relative gene expression (RGE) of GR-alpha and -beta in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Results: Twenty-four children with asthma (M-age 11.1 +/- 2.1 years) and 14 healthy controls (M-age 11.5 +/- 1.7 years) were studied. The expression of GR-beta was significantly higher in the control group at baseline compared with those with asthma (p = 0.006). With VitD3 treatment, there was a decrease in GR beta expression at 1 month in the control group (p = 0.05), but not in the asthma group. When analyzing the change in the relative expression of GR beta (change in 1st month to baseline), the decrease in GR beta was significantly higher in the control group compared with the asthma group (p = 0.002). A negative correlation was detected between the change in the asthma control test score (ACT) and the change in 25(OH)D values (r = -0.51, p = 0.01). Conclusion: VitD3 supplementation led to a decrease in the expression of GR beta in control subjects with low baseline VitD levels, whereas no such change was observed in asthmatic children. Meanwhile, better asthma control was achieved by VitD3 treatment, possibly through mechanisms not related to GR expression.Öğe Students' unchanging smoking habits in urban and rural areas in the last 15years(Wiley, 2016) Akca, Gulfer; Guner, Sukru Nail; Akca, Unal; Kilic, Mehtap; Sancak, Recep; Ozturk, FadilBackgroundSmoking is the main preventable public health problem particularly for youth worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of smoking habits among students at secondary and high schools, and to compare the findings with those of a study conducted 15years ago in the same area. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study 6212 students (51.2% female; 48.8% male) were selected randomly from rural and urban areas in Samsun. All students completed a face-to-face questionnaire. ResultsThe overall prevalence of smoking was 13.0% (male students, 18.1%; female students, 8.2%). The mean starting age of smoking was 14.1 1.5years. Prevalence of smoking was 15.7% in urban areas and 8.1% in rural areas. The most important factors for starting smoking were social group and families. Compared with a study conducted 15years previously in the same area for male students, smoking prevalence was increased in rural, but decreased in urban areas. ConclusionsSmoking prevalence in students in Samsun was similar to that in a study conducted 15years previously. It is important to use anti-smoking campaigns directly targeted at teenager and they should be fully informed of the harmful effects of smoking.