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    Association of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphisms with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study in Turkish Population
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2018) Dursun, Hatice Gul; Yilmaz, Huseyin Osman; Dursun, Recep; Kulaksizoglu, Sevsen
    Psoriasis is a common, chronic, and autoimmune skin disease in which dysregulation of immune cells, particularly T cells, is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expressed only on activated T cells is an immunoregulatory molecule and plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. We aimed to determine whether CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with development and/or clinical features of psoriasis vulgaris (Pv). Genotyping of SNPs (-318C>T, +49A>G, and CT60A>G) in CTLA-4 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 103 Pv patients and 102 controls. No statistically significant associations were detected in any of the investigated genetic models for the -318C>T polymorphism. The genotype distributions of +49A>G and CT60A>G were associated with Pv development. In haplotype analysis, while frequency of CAA haplotype was significantly higher in the control group, frequencies of CGG and CAG haplotype were significantly higher among the patients. However, all of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and haplotypes do not have an effect on severity and onset age of Pv. In conclusion, the +49A>G and CT60A>G polymorphisms may be risk factors for Pv development. Furthermore, CGG and CAG haplotypes may contribute to Pv development, while CAA haplotype may be protective against Pv.
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    Comparison of Salivary Cortisol, Serum Cortisol, Plasma ACTH and Urinary Free Cortisol Levels in Thyrotoxic and Hypothyroid Patients
    (Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2012) Gonen, Mustafa Sait; Ozkaya, Emin; Kurban, Sevil; Ipekci, Suleyman Hilmi; Duran, Cevdet; Kulaksizoglu, Sevsen
    Objective: Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is affected by thyroid hormones. The present study was designed to compare the level of salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and urinary free cortisol (UFC) levels in patients with subclinical and overt thyrotoxicosis and hypothyroidism. Material and Methods: We analyzed the salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, plasma ACTH and UFC levels in 123 patients with thyroid dysfunction. The patients were classified into four groups; overt thyrotoxicosis (n=32), subclinical thyrotoxicosis (n=29), overt hypothyroidism (n=28) and subclinical hypothyroidism (n=34). Results: There were no significant differences in terms of salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, plasma ACTH and UFC levels in patients with subclinical and overt thyrotcodcosis (p>0.05). Similarly, no significant differences could be detected in terms of salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, plasma ACTH and UFC levels in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism (p>0.05). The comparison of patients with hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis also did not yield any significant difference in terms of salivary cortisol, serum conisol, plasma ACTH and UFC levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Similar salivary cortisol, serum cortisol, plasma ACTH and UFC levels were detected in patients with hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Thus, we may suggest that thyroid hormone status does not play a role in the HPA axis. The major limitation of this study was the absence of a healthy control group. Further studies with large numbers of patients are required to clarify the association between thyroid hormone dysfunction and glucocorticoid levels.
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    The Role of the Central and the Peripheral Neuropeptides in Weight Gain and Metabolic Changes Related to Olanzapine
    (Aves, 2021) Arpaci, Nazile; Ak, Mehmet; Uguz, Faruk; Kurban, Sevil; Kulaksizoglu, Sevsen
    Objective: This study aimed to examine the role of central and peripheral neuropeptides in olanzapine-induced weight gain and metabolic changes. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who would receive olanzapine treatment were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment at the 2nd and 8th weeks. Weight, waist circumference, the central neuropeptides pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and the peripheral adipokine leptin and the peripheral peptide cholecystokinin (CCK) levels were measured in each control. In addition, biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total and direct bilirubin, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Results: There were statistically significant differences weight and waist circumference levels compared to the initial levels. As observed in previous studies in the literature, changes in biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, total and direct bilirubin, LDL, TG, total cholesterol, and HDL levels were statistically significant. Levels of the neuropeptides POMC and NPY tended to increase at early stages and decrease at later stages of the treatment, while CCK and leptin levels kept increasing throughout the treatment period. The changes in POMC and CCK levels were statistically significant. Conclusion: The results suggest that POMC and CCK may play a role in olanzapine-related weight gain.