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    Cutaneous and Allergic reactions due to COVID-19 vaccinations: A review
    (Wiley, 2022) Temiz, Selami Aykut; Abdelmaksoud, Ayman; Wollina, Uwe; Kutlu, Omer; Dursun, Recep; Patil, Anant; Lotti, Torello
    Introduction The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an unprecedented impact on the overall health and the global economy. Vaccination is currently the most dependable strategy to end the pandemic, despite the slower-than-hoped-for rollout, particularly for low-to-middle-income countries, and the uncertain duration of protection afforded by vaccination. The spike protein of the virus (immunodominant antigen of the virus) is the main target of the approved and candidate SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. This protein binds to the ACE2 receptor of the host cell, initiating the entry of the virus into the cell and the chain of subsequent events ending to Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The safety profile of these vaccines needs is closely assessed. Methods This comprehensive review includes searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases using the keywords coronavirus, COVID-19, vaccine, cutaneous reactions, allergic reactions, and SARS-CoV-2. Manual searching of reference lists of included articles augmented the research. The research was updated in June 2021. Results In this narrative review, we tried to investigate and discuss the cutaneous and allergic reactions related to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently available in the literature. As a result, although COVID-19 vaccines can be reported to develop allergic and anaphylactic reactions, especially after m-RNA vaccines, they remain at a low rate, and it is observed that these reactions may develop more frequently, especially in patients with previous allergies and mast cell disorders. Fortunately, these reactions are generally transient, benign, self-limited. Conclusion Although there is still no definitive evidence, as dermatologists, we must be aware of the possibility of cutaneous reactions, newly diagnosed dermatoses, or exacerbation of existing dermatoses that may develop after the COVID-19 vaccinations.
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    The effect of COVID-19 on development of hair and nail disorders: a Turkish multicenter, controlled study
    (Wiley, 2023) Kutlu, Omer; Demircan, Yuhanize Tas; Yildiz, Kenan; Kalkan, Goknur; Demirseren, Duriye Deniz; An, Isa; Oba, Muazzez Cigdem
    Background A broad spectrum of skin diseases, including hair and nails, can be directly or indirectly triggered by COVID-19. It is aimed to examine the type and frequency of hair and nail disorders after COVID-19 infection. Methods This is a multicenter study conducted on consecutive 2171 post-COVID-19 patients. Patients who developed hair and nail disorders and did not develop hair and nail disorders were recruited as subject and control groups. The type and frequency of hair and nail disorders were examined. Results The rate of the previous admission in hospital due to COVID-19 was statistically significantly more common in patients who developed hair loss after getting infected with COVID-19 (P < 0.001). Telogen effluvium (85%) was the most common hair loss type followed by worsening of androgenetic alopecia (7%) after COVID-19 infection. The mean stress scores during and after getting infected with COVID-19 were 6.88 +/- 2.77 and 3.64 +/- 3.04, respectively, in the hair loss group and were 5.77 +/- 3.18 and 2.81 +/- 2.84, respectively, in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). The frequency of recurrent COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in men with severe androgenetic alopecia (Grades 4-7 HNS) (P = 0.012; Odds ratio: 2.931 [1.222-7.027]). The most common nail disorders were leukonychia, onycholysis, Beau's lines, onychomadesis, and onychoschisis, respectively. The symptoms of COVID-19 were statistically significantly more common in patients having nail disorders after getting infected with COVID-19 when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The development of both nail and hair disorders after COVID-19 seems to be related to a history of severe COVID-19.