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    Improvement of chemical properties of noodle and pasta using dephytinized cereal brans
    (Elsevier, 2020) Levent, Hacer; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Bilgicli, Nermin; Adiguzel, Emre; Dedeoglu, Mustafa
    In this research, cereal brans (rice, rye, wheat and oat) were dephytinized by two different methods (phytase enzyme and malt flour) and used in noodle and pasta formulation (20%) to improve nutritional quality of the final product. As a result of phytase treatment, phytic acid content of different bran samples decreased between 70.9 and 83.5%. Rice bran noodles and pasta samples gave the highest amount of phytic acid. In general, the use of cereal bran in noodles samples increased protein and fat content compared to control noodles. The use of cereal bran increased the total dietary fiber content by 1.9-3.3 times in noodle and 1.7-2.9 times in pasta samples. All bran samples increased total phenolic content and antioxidant activity values in noodles and pasta samples (p < 0.05). The amount of Ca, P, K, Mg and Zn of cereal bran noodles and pasta samples was higher than control noodles and pasta samples (p < 0.05). In addition to nutritional enrichment, it was concluded that the noodles and pasta samples with a lower phytic acid content can be produced using dephytinized cereal brans.
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    Improvement of nutritional properties of cake with wheat germ and resistant starch
    (Vup Food Research Inst, Bratislava, 2013) Bilgicli, Nermin; Levent, Hacer
    Wheat germ (WG) and resistant starch (RS) are important functional ingredients for cereal products. In this study, WG (0%, 10% and 20%) and commercial RS (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) were used to replace wheat flour in cake formulation and their effects on nutritional, physical and sensory properties of cakes were investigated. WG replacement increased ash, protein, lipid, crude fibre, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, P and Zn contents of the cakes. Rich phytic acid (PA) composition of WG increased the PA content of the cakes from 1001.2 mg.kg(-1) up to 2908.2 mg.kg(-1). High replacement level of wheat flour by RS (15%) caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in protein, PA, Mg and P contents of the cakes. RS contents of the cakes varied between 7.2 g.kg(-1) and 49.0 g.kg(-1), and approached the highest value with 15% RS addition. Combination of WO and RS at high replacement levels adversely affected volume index and firmness of the samples. WG increased the darkness and yellowness of the crust and crumb of cakes. WG at 20% alone or in combination with 5% RS gave similar pore structure, taste, odour and overall acceptability score compared to control cake.
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    Influence of wheat germ and ?-glucan on some chemical and sensory properties of Turkish noodle
    (Springer India, 2015) Aktas, Kubra; Bilgicli, Nermin; Levent, Hacer
    Wheat flour used in Turkish noodle (eriAYte) production was replaced with wheat germ (0, 10, 20 and 30 %) and beta-glucan (0 and 4 %). Noodle samples were analyzed for their moisture, ash, protein, fat, mineral contents, color values and sensory properties. Cooking properties as volume increase (VI), weight increase (WI) and cooking loss (CL) were also determined. Wheat germ increased the ash, protein, fat and mineral contents of the noodles. beta-glucan had an improving effect especially on Ca, Fe, Mg and P contents of noodle samples. While wheat germ raised VI values of the noodle, beta-glucan had a negative effect on VI. The CL of noodle samples varied between 5.8 % and 7.3 %. Decreasing sensory scores obtained at high level of wheat germ with and without beta-glucan. The present results showed that wheat germ and beta-glucan have a good potential for increasing nutritional quality of noodle.
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    Utilization of citrus albedo in tarhana production
    (Vup Food Research Inst, Bratislava, 2014) Bilgicli, Nermin; Aktas, Kubra; Levent, Hacer
    In this study, albedos of lemon, orange and grapefruit replaced wheat flour at 5% and 10% level in tarhana formulation. Selected chemical (ash, protein, cellulose, lipids, mineral, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and pH), functional (water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability) and sensory properties, colour values of tarhana were determined. All replacement levels of citrus albedo samples increased (p < 0.05) ash, cellulose, Ca, Fe, K contents and antioxidant activity of tarhana compared to control. Tarhana sample containing 10% lemon albedo had the highest antioxidant activity (220.50 mmol center dot kg(-1), expressed as Trolox equivalents), Cu (10.6 mg center dot kg(-1)), Fe (36.9 mg center dot kg(-1)), K (5378.0 mg center dot kg(-1)) and Zn (13.1 mg center dot kg(-1)) contents. Compared to control tarhana, 10% addition levels of citrus albedo gave lower lightness (L-*) and higher yellowness (b(*)). Citrus albedo addition had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on oil absorption capacity and foam stability. Tarhana soup with orange and lemon albedo gained higher taste and sourness scores than tarhana soup containing grapefruit albedo.
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    UTILIZATION OF LUPIN (LUPINUS ALBUS L.) FLOUR AND BRAN WITH XYLANASE ENZYME IN COOKIE PRODUCTION
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2014) Bilgicli, Nermin; Levent, Hacer
    Wheat flour was replaced with the lupin flour (10-30%) and lupin bran (10-20%) in cookie formulation with the addition of 0.4% xylanase enzyme. The effects of the lupin flour, lupin bran and xylanase enzyme addition on the physical (diameter, thickness, spread ratio, hardness and color), chemical (ash, protein, fat and mineral) and sensory properties of cookies were investigated. It has been observed that cookie spread ratio values increased with lupin bran replacement over 15% level. Xylanase enzyme increased the spread ratio and decreased the hardness value of the cookie samples prepared with lupin flour and lupin bran (p<0.05). Lupin flour and bran usage in cookie formulation improved mineral (Ca, Cu, Mg and P), while lupin flour (at 30% level) caused a considerable increment in protein content (from 5.91 g/100g to 11.87 g/100g) of cookies.. Compared to control cookie, cookies containing lupin flour up to 20% substitution level gave similar or higher sensory score in terms of all sensorial properties. However, lupin bran over 10% levels had a detrimental effect on color, appearance, odor and taste of cookies.