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    Dietary Fibers of Tree Nuts Differ in Composition and Distinctly Impact the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolic Outcomes In Vitro
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Sahin, Merve; Arioglu-Tuncil, Seda; Unver, Ahmet; Deemer, Dane; Lindemann, Stephen R.; Tuncil, Yunus E.
    This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectsof dietaryfibers (DFs) of commercially important tree nuts (almond, cashew,hazelnut, pistachio, and walnut) on gut microbiota in vitro. Microbial compositions and short-chain fatty acids were determinedusing 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography (GC), respectively.Neutral and acidic monosaccharides were analyzed using GC/MS and spectrophotometry,respectively. Our results revealed that cashew fibers exhibit higherbutyrate formation compared to others. Accordingly, cashew fiber promotedbutyric acid-producing bacteria-related operational taxonomic units(OTUs; Butyricimonas and Collinsella) at higher relative abundances. The higher butyrogenic capacityof cashew fiber is mainly attributed to its higher soluble/total DFratio and remarkably distinct monosaccharide composition. Additionally,nut fibers stimulated family Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcaceae-related OTUs. These findings show that althoughthe degree of promotion is nut type-dependent, nut fibers are generallycapable of promoting beneficial microbes in the colon, further suggestingthat DFs of tree nuts are contributing factors to their health-promotingeffects.
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    Sex-dependent colonic microbiota modulation by hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) dietary fiber
    (Royal Soc Chemistry, 2023) Dastan, Elanur; Celik, Omer F.; Bas, Orhan; Bulut, Zafer; Lindemann, Stephen R.; Tugay, Mehmet I.; Degermenci, Muhammet
    Although many efforts have been made to characterize the functional properties of hazelnut constituents (mainly its oil, protein, and phenolics), those of its dietary fiber (DF) have not been elucidated yet. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of DF of natural and roasted hazelnuts, and hazelnut skin on the colonic microbiota in vivo (C57BL/6J mouse models) by determining their composition through 16S rRNA sequencing and microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) using gas chromatography. Our results revealed that hazelnut DF generally showed an acetogenic effect in male mice, whereas the same trend was not observed in the female counterparts. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that hazelnut DF, especially that of natural hazelnuts, increased the relative abundances of Lactobacillus-related OTUs that have probiotic potential. LEfSe analysis indicated that, for female mice, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotella, Ruminococcaceae, and Lactobacillus were found to be discriminators for DF of natural hazelnuts, roasted hazelnuts, hazelnut skin, and control, respectively, whereas Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Prevotella, and Lactococcus were the discriminators for the male counterparts, respectively. This study clearly indicates that, although the roasting process slightly alters the functionalities, hazelnut DF favors beneficial microbes and stimulates beneficial microbial metabolites in the colon in a sex-dependent way, which could be a contributing factor to the health-promoting effects of hazelnuts. Furthermore, hazelnut skin, a byproduct of the hazelnut industry, was found to have potential to be utilized to produce functional DF targeting colonic health.