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    The anatomic analysis of the vidian canal and the surrounding structures concerning vidian neurectomy using computed tomography scans
    (Assoc Brasileira Otorrinolaringologia & Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2019) Acar, Gulay; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Cukurova, Ibrahim; Ozen, Kemal Emre; Seker, Muzaffer; Guler, Ibrahim
    Introduction: The type of endoscopic approach chosen for vidian neurectomy can be specified by evaluating the vidian canal and the surrounding sphenoid sinus structures. Objective: The variations and morphometry of the vidian canal were investigated, focusing on the functional correlations between them which are crucial anatomical landmarks for preoperative planning. Methods: This study was performed using paranasal multidetector computed tomography images that were obtained with a section thickening of 0.625 mm of 250 adults. Results: The distributions of 500 vidian canal variants were categorized as follows; Type 1, within the sphenoid corpus (55.6%); Type 2, partially protruding into the sphenoid sinus (34.8%); Type 3, within the sphenoid sinus (9.6%). The pneumatization of the pterygoid process is mostly seen in vidian canal Type 2 (72.4%) and Type 3 (95.8%) (p < 0.001). The mean distances from the vidian canal to the foramen rotundum and the palatovaginal canal were greater in the vidian canal Type 2 and 3 with the pterygoid process pneumatization (p < 0.001). The prevalence of the intrasphenoid septum between the vidian canal and the vomerine crest and lateral attachment which ending on carotid prominence were much higher in vidian canal Type 3 than other types (p < 0.001). The mean angle between the posterior end of the middle turbinate and the lateral margin of the anterior opening of the vidian canal was measured as 33.05 +/- 7.71 degrees. Conclusions: Preoperative radiologic analysis of the vidian canal and the surrounding structures will allow surgeons to choose an appropriate endoscopic approach to ensure predictable postoperative outcomes. (c) 2017 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
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    Computed tomography evaluation of the morphometry and variations of the infraorbital canal relating to endoscopic surgery
    (Assoc Brasileira Otorrinolaringologia & Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2018) Acar, Gulay; Ozen, Kemal Emre; Guler, Ibrahim; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa
    Introduction: The course of the infraorbital canal may leave the infraorbital nerve susceptible to injury during reconstructive and endoscopic surgery, particularly when surgically manipulating the roof of the maxillary sinus. Objective: We investigated both the morphometry and variations of the infraorbital canal with the aim to show the relationship between them relative to endoscopic approaches. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on paranasal multidetector computed tomography images of 200 patients. Results The infraorbital canal corpus types were categorized as Type 1: within the maxillary bony roof (55.3%), Type 2: partially protruding into maxillary sinus (26.7%), Type 3: within the maxillary sinus (9.5%), Type 4: located anatomically at the outer limit of the zygomatic recess of the maxillary bone (8.5%). The internal angulation and the length of the infraorbital canal, the infraorbital foramen entry angles and the distances related to the infraorbital foramen localization were measured and their relationships with the infraorbital canal variations were analyzed. We reported that the internal angulations in both sagittal and axial sections were mostly found in infraorbital canal Type 1 and 4 (69.2%, 64.7%) but, there were commonly no angulation in Type 3 (68.4%) (p < 0.001). The length of the infraorbital canal and the distances from the infraorbital foramen to the infraorbital rim and piriform aperture was measured as the longest in Type 3 and the smallest in Type 1 (p < 0.001). The sagittal infraorbital foramen entry angles were detected significantly smaller in Type 3 and larger in Type 1 than that in other types (p = 0.003). The maxillary sinus septa and the Haller cell were observed in 28% and 16% of the images, respectively. Conclusion: Precise knowledge of the infraorbital canal corpus types and relationship with the morphometry allow surgeons to choose an appropriate surgical approach to avoid iatrogenic infraorbital nerve injury. (C) 2017 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.
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    The effect of the palmaris longus muscle on wrist flexion and extension strength
    (Ios Press, 2017) Karahan, Ali Yavuz; Bakdik, Suleyman; Ozen, Kemal Emre; Arslan, Serdar; Karpuz, Savas; Yilmaz, Nihal; Yildirim, Pelin
    BACKGROUND: The palmaris longus (PLM) is a fusiform-shaped muscle that appears in the superficial flexor compartment of the forearm. It has been suggested that PLM is a phylogenetically degenerate metacarpophalangeal joint flexor. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the strength of wrist flexion and extension in healthy volunteers with and without the PLM. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy subjects, 30 men and 34 women, 18-22 years old were enrolled in this study. The database consisted of 128 wrist tests. The inclusion criteria were as follows: sedentary lifestyle, unknown musculoskeletal disorders and right-handedness. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging was used for assessing the presence of PLM. A hand-held digital dynamometer was used to assess the peak force of wrist extension and flexion. Data were analyzed separately for women and men RESULTS: The existence of right-sided PLM was 73.3% in male subjects and 55.9% in female subjects. For men, the strength of wrist flexion was 36.03 +/- 13.92 N and 34.24 +/- 12.23 N for the right and left side, respectively. For women, the respective strengths were 16.20 +/- 7.29 N and 15.26 +/- 6.79 N. For both sexes, there was no statistically significant difference between those with and without a PLM (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in the agonist/antagonist (flexion/extension) ratio of the wrist between those with and without a PLM in both sexes and sides. CONCLUSIONS: The existence or absence of PLM plays no role in the strength of either the flexors or extensors of the wrist.