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    Antibacterial and Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Er:YAG Laser Irradiation by Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming in Primary Molar Root Canals: A Preliminary Study
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2018) Korkut, Emre; Torlak, Emrah; Gezgin, Onur; Ozer, Hazal; Sener, Yagmur
    Objective: The objective of this study was to compare antibacterial and smear layer removal efficacy of the erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation by photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG), and diode lasers and conventional irrigation agent in primary molar root canals. Background: The selection, application, and activation of the irrigant are important factors affecting the success of the endodontic treatment. Materials and methods: Distal root canals of human primary mandibular molar teeth used for antimicrobial efficacy evaluation were first inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis (n=25). Smear layer removal efficacy was evaluated on the noninoculated specimens (n=20). The root canals in the first treatment groups were irrigated with a conventional technique using 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). In the laser groups, the root canals were irradiated with either Nd:YAG (1064nm) or diode lasers (940nm) followed by NaOCl irrigation agent. In the fourth groups, the NaOCl irrigation agent was activated with an Er:YAG laser (2940nm) by PIPS tip using nonablative settings. Antibacterial efficacy was determined by viable counts of E. faecalis after treatments. The treated root canals were examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine the smear layer removal efficacy of treatments. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) reductions in the number of E. faecalis were achieved in Nd:YAG and diode laser groups and Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation groups compared to the NaOCl group. Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation resulted in more cleaning of the root canal walls and a higher quantity of open tubules. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Er:YAG laser by PIPS-activated irrigation can be considered as an effective irrigant agitation technique in pediatric endodontics.
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    Comparative Evaluation of Oral Health Status in Healthy Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
    (Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2020) Tulumbaci, Fatih; Korkut, Emre; Ozer, Hazal
    Objective Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is regarded a severe neuropsychiatric disorder. The objective of this study was to compare the status of the oral health between children with and without ASDs. Methods A total of 95 children (44 with ASD and 51 without ASD) were included. dmft/DMFT (d/D: decay; m/M: missing; f/F: filling; t/T: teeth) scores and plaque data of all participants were recorded. SalivaStreptococcus mutansand lactobacilli load were determined using CRT bacteria. Results Streptococcus mutansload was >10(5) CFU in 54.5% of the ASD group and 43.1% in the non-ASD group. Lactobacilli load was >10(5) CFU in 47.70% of the ASD group and 49.0% in the non-ASD group. There was no statistically significant difference in theS. mutansor lactobacilli loads between the ASD and non-ASD groups. A total of 83.1% of the ASD group had caries, with dmft = 3.25 and DMFT = 5.10. In the non-ASD group, 81.10% of patients had caries, with dmft = 3.10 and DMFT = 4.90; 38.6% of the ASD group and 29.4% of the non-ASD group had no clinical signs of periodontal disease. Conclusion The examination of the amount of salivaS. mutansand lactobacilli at intervals with these patients will provide quantitative data to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health care.
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    Could bulk fill glass hybrid restorative materials replace composite resins in treating permanent teeth? A randomized controlled clinical trial
    (Wiley, 2023) Uyumaz, Fatma Uzumcu; Inci, Merve Abakli; Ozer, Hazal
    Objective: This study aims to compare the clinical and radiographic efficacy of Equia system bulk fill glass hybrid material with composite resins in the permanent restoration of pediatric patients' permanent teeth.Materials and Methods: The study included 44 pediatric patients aged 8-16 who applied to Necmettin Erbakan University Pediatric Dentistry Department. The groups were formed as symmetrical teeth in the same patient using the split-mouth design. The study included class I caries lesions of 144 permanent teeth. Group 1 was restored with the Equia system bulk fill glass hybrid material (Equia Forte HT + Equia Forte Coat [GC, Co, Tokyo, Japan]) (n = 72) and Group 2 with the Charisma Smart universal composite resin (Kulzer, Gmbh, Hanau, Germany) + Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Noritake, Sakazu, Okayama) (n = 72). Evaluations were performed clinically and radiographically by two physicians in 2nd week, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month and the results were recorded. Clinical evaluation was carried out using modified-USPHS criteria. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using Kendall's W test and Cochran's Q test for the comparison within the group, and the Chi-square test for the comparison between groups.Results: Among the materials utilized in the study, there was no statistically significant difference in marginal adaptation, marginal discoloration, retention, anatomical form, postoperative sensitivity, and secondary caries according (p > 0.05). Group 2 outperformed statistically significant Group 1 in terms of color match in all periods (p < 0.05). While there was no statistically significant difference in surface structure between the groups in 2nd week and 3rd month (p > 0.05), there was a statistically substantial difference in 6th, and 12th months (p < 0.05). No secondary caries or periapical lesions were found in any restorations during radiographic evaluation.Conclusion: After a year, the clinical performance of both Equia and composite resins was equivalent and successful in the majority of the measures against which they were evaluated.Clinical Significance: Based on the results of the research, Equia system bulk fill glass hybrid restorations are considered a viable alternative to composite resins in class I permanent teeth restorations.
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    Evaluation of temperature changes in the pulp chamber during polymerization of pulp capping materials
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Korkut, Emre; Tulumbaci, Fatih; Gezgin, Onur; Ozer, Hazal; Ozcan, Mutlu
    Polymerization of resin-based materials leads to temperature rise, caused by the exothermic nature of the reaction and energy absorbed during polymerization. This temperature rise is influenced by intensity of light, composition of resins, and type of light source. This study evaluated thermal insulating properties of four photo-polymerizing pulp-capping agents in primary and permanent teeth. Roots of 80 primary and permanent teeth were removed. Class-I cavities were prepared on the occlusal surfaces of teeth. Materials used were TheraCal LC, Biner LC, ACTIVA BioACTIVE, and Calciplus LC and light sources were 3M-Elipar and VALO LED. Temperature rise was measured using a J-type thermocouple. Data were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey`s tests (p=0.05). VALO LED exhibited significantly lower temperature rise in all groups and temperature rise in primary teeth was significantly higher with all experimental materials (p<0.05). The highest temperature change was observed in the Biner LC group (3.82 +/- 0.58) and the lowest change in the Activa-BioACTIVE group (1.78 +/- 0.34). The VALO LED light source caused a significantly lower increase in pulpal temperature compared with the 3M-Elipar source. All tested materials and light sources maintained pulpal temperature under safe limits, with temperature increases not exceeding 5.5 degrees C.
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    HPLC analysis of eluted monomers released from dental composites containing bioactive glass
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Gezgin, Onur; Korkut, Emre; Tulumbaci, Fatih; Ozer, Hazal; Sener, Yagmur
    Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the released residual monomers from composite resins that contain different proportions of bioactive glass (BAG). Methods: Experimental resin composites were prepared by a resin matrix (50% BisGMA and 50% TEGDMA) and inorganic filler with BAG (5, 10 and 30%). Each resin composite was placed in the tooth cavity (n=5). After polymerisation, samples were immediately immersed in 75% ethanol and 25% deionised water (6ml) at 37 degrees C. Residual monomers (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA and UDMA) that were eluted from the composites for 10m, 1h, 1 d, 7 d and 30 d were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The data were analysed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD at a p<0.05 significance level. Results: Among the time periods, the fastest released residual monomer was observed in the 10m elution. The highest amount of released residual monomer from all groups (except the control group) was TEGDMA, whereas this was HEMA for the control group. The amounts of residual monomers eluted from BAG30 were significantly higher than other groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: The release of the monomer increases in accordance with the increased BAG addition to the composite resins.
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    The push-out bond strength of three root canal materials used in primary teeth: In vitro study
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Ozer, Hazal; Inci, Merve Abakli; Tuzluca, Sevcihan Acar
    The study aims to compare the bond strength of three primary tooth root canal filling materials to the root canal wall with a push-out test (Calplus, Diapaste, BIOfactor MTA). First, 30 primary central teeth were cut transversely using a water-cooled low-speed diamond saw vertical to the long axis to obtain 2 mm thick discs from the middle third of the roots. Next the materials used were placed on dentin discs and kept in an incubator for 1 week at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity until the hardening mechanism of the root-canal sealer was completed. Finally, a vertical force was placed on each material from apical to coronal with a 0.75 mm diameter stainless steel cylindrical piston without contacting the root canal dentin. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program and Mann-Whitney U test was used as a post hoc test. There was a statistically significant difference between the bonding values of different primary tooth root canal sealers to root canal dentin (p < 0.05). Among the maximum binding values, the lowest measurement was in Calplus (0.43 +/- 0.28 MPa), and the highest measurement was in BIOfactor MTA (24.24 +/- 17.78 MPa) (p < 0.05). BIOfactor MTA has a higher bonding value to root canal dentin than calcium hydroxide-based primary tooth canal sealers.
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    Unraveling the impact of primary immunodeficiency disorders on the microbiota of dental caries in children through 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Al-Kebsi, Bushra Lutf Ahmed; Kars, Gokhan; Ozer, Hazal; Guner, Sukru Nail
    Background/aim: Dental caries is a frequently occurring and multifactorial chronic disease in children resulting from the interaction of cariogenic bacteria and host susceptibility. The aim of this study was to elucidate the impacts of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) on microbiota of dental caries in children by 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis.Materials and methods: Enrolled in this study were 15 children with primary PID with caries (PID group) and 15 healthy children with caries as a control (CG). The DMFT index, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of each participant were assessed before the metagenomic analyses were conducted. For taxonomic profiling, the reads were obtained by high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA.Results: The DMFT score, saliva flow rate, and buffering capacity of the groups were similar. The flow rate and buffering capacity had no correlation with the number of species with 95% confidence. The metagenomic analysis resulted in the identification of 2440 bacterial species in all of the samples. Among the 50 most prevalent species present at >= 1% relative abundance, Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella salivae were differentially more abundant in the PID group. The PID group and CG showed similar species richness and evenness, but 4 of the 5 samples with the highest Shannon-Weiner and Inverse Simpson indices belonged to the PID group. The Spearman test results for correlation of the species in the PID subgroups showed that Prevotella oris had a positively correlated relationship with both Scardovia wiggsiae and Saccharibacteria genera incertae sedis.Conclusion: This study provided insight into the caries microbiota of children with immunodeficiency diseases. Differentially abundant species, novel bacterial associations, and unique bacterial species were disclosed in the PID samples, indicating the role of the immune system in altering the caries microbiota. The prominent bacterial species and associations in the PID group should be suspected in regard to their link with present or future diseases.