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    Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Ozturk, Murat; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Korkmaz, Hasan Husnu
    Two major catastrophic earthquakes, which occurred 9 h apart on the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone and one of its branches on February 6, 2023 in Turkey, directly affected 11 provinces in the Eastern and South-Eastern Anatolia regions, where 14 million people live. These earthquakes are among the most destructive earthquakes in the history of Turkey, caused approximately 3 times more property damage and loss of life than the 1999 Marmara Earthquake. More than 24,000 aftershocks with magnitudes of up to 6.7 Mw occurred after these earthquakes. In this study, the causes of heavy destruction in some of the provinces and districts most affected by earthquakes (especially Hatay-Antakya, Kahramanmaras,, Gaziantep-Nurdagi, Gaziantep-Islahiye, AdiyamanGo & BULL;lbas,i, Malatya) were examined under sub-headings. The reasons for the damages were supported by the striking images obtained during the site investigation in the earthquake zone, and the issues that should be considered based on both seismic codes and implementations were also stated. In addition, in order to better understand the effects of earthquakes on reinforced concrete structures, the ratios of the loads acting on the structures in both earthquakes to the design load predicted by the code valid at the time the structures were built are presented in graphics. The results obtained show that the effects of design and application mistakes are quite high in the heavy destruction caused by earthquakes. But it is understood that the seismic code design criteria and requirements are insufficient in some regions. In addition, the establishment of residential areas in risky areas without taking any precautions has produced dramatic results.
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    Prevention of Wave Propagation via Circular Arrangement of Seismic Metamaterials Formed with Concrete Piles
    (Mdpi, 2023) Kacin, Selcuk; Ozturk, Murat; Sevim, Umur Korkut; Karaaslan, Muharrem; Akgol, Oguzhan; Ozer, Zafer; Demirci, Mustafa
    It is known that the low frequencies of seismic surface waves have a destructive effect. The main purpose of seismic metamaterials is to protect structures from seismic waves at low frequencies, especially in a wide band. In this study, the effects of seismic metamaterials formed using circular array concrete piles on surface waves were investigated. Each concrete pile has been selected due to symmetric properties to investigate the band diagram. Therefore, the direction independence can also be determined with respect to frequency. This study was conducted both numerically and experimentally in the low-frequency range of 5-15 Hz. Two fields, with and without metamaterials, have been designed and compared. In numerical analysis, transmission loss graphs were drawn using the finite element method (FEM), and wave propagation at frequencies where the loss happened was simulated. In numerical analysis, optimum dimensions such as radius and depth were determined, and these dimensions were applied exactly in the experimental field. The results obtained from the experiment using a harmonic vibration device are mapped. In this numerical and experimental study, it has been revealed that the proposed structure prevents the propagation of seismic surface waves.
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    School buildings performance in 7.7 Mw and 7.6 Mw catastrophic earthquakes in southeast of Turkey
    (Elsevier, 2023) Ozturk, Murat; Arslan, Musa Hakan; Dogan, Gamze; Ecemis, Ali Serdar; Arslan, Hatice Derya
    Although Turkey is located in one of the active earthquake belts of the world, the 7.7 and 7.6 magnitude earthquakes that occurred on February 6, 2023, 9 h apart, as rarely seen in the seismology literature, caused one of the biggest disasters in Turkey's history. In the earthquakes affecting an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers, serious damage and collapse occurred in public buildings as well as other structures. There are more than 12,000 school buildings in the earthquake-affected area and this number constitutes an important part of public buildings. This article deals with the damage types and causes of various public school buildings that were exposed to the earthquakes in southern Turkey on February 6, 2023. The seismicity of the region and the effects of the 6 February earthquakes were discussed, and the response spectra of the different regions most affected by the earthquakes were compared with the design spectra defined in the codes. In addition, during the field investigation the damage types and causes of damage in school buildings were listed in sections and the observations made with performance based analytical studies were supported. From field reconnaissance, the importance of understanding the deficiencies of school buildings, which have social priority, in order to avoid tragic consequences in possible earthquakes has been revealed.
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    Sinusoidally located concrete metastructures for attenuation of seismic surface vibrations
    (Springer, 2023) Kacin, Selcuk; Ozturk, Murat; Sevim, Umur Korkut; Karaaslan, Muharrem; Akgol, Oguzhan; Ozer, Zafer; Demirci, Mustafa
    In this numerical and experimental study, we designed sinusoidal located concrete-based boreholes which are candidate for seismic shielding applications. To attenuate seismic wave transmission in an area, proposed design is created in most dangerous part of seismic frequencies which corresponds 1-15 Hz band. Firstly, transmission loss characteristics of proposed design is obtained numerically, and it is clearly shown that proposed design has multiband blocking capability. Afterwards, total surface displacements were plotted, analysed and explained. Thus, proposed design attenuates seismic wave transmission according to numerical results. Moreover, to support proposed design, various experimental measurements were carried out by using a harmonic vibration source and 14 accelerometers as sensors. Experiments conducted in time domain and obtained results were converted to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform, and mapping processes were done by interpolation technique. The obtained measured map of the seismic radiation between 5 and 15 Hz bands is given, and a good matching between simulations and experiments has been seen. As obtained numerical and experimental results, the proposed metamaterial structure could be used in seismic shielding applications because of its highly blocking capability of seismic wave transmission.