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    DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE AND SMOKELESS TOBACCO (MARAS POWDER) USE AND DEPRESSION/ANXIETY
    (Carbone Editore, 2015) Keten, Hamit Sirri; Ersoy, Ozgur; Satan, Yilmaz; Olmez, Soner; Ucer, Huseyin; Sahin, Merve; Celik, Mustafa
    Introduction: Tobacco consumption is still a serious cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Besides cigarette, use of smokeless tobacco is also high. This study aims to evaluate the symptoms of depression and anxiety among people using cigarette or local smokeless tobacco, Maras powder, and those not consuming tobacco products. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in 20 coffee houses in Kahramanmaras city on 353 voluntary males aged between 18 and 64 years. One hundred and thirty one people consuming Maras powder, 98 people consuming cigarette and 124 controls with no history of tobacco product usage were enrolled in the study. The sociodemographic characteristics, the attitudes of Maras powder and cigarette usage, and the scores of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were recorded. Results: The mean BAI scores were 9.64+/-7.7, 10.45+/-9.04, and 6.87+/-6.51 for Maras powder group, cigarette group and the control group respectively. The mean BAI scores were significantly higher in Maras powder and cigarette groups compared to control group (p=0.002). It was determined that the mean scores of BAI were similar between Maras powder and cigarette groups (p=0.712). The mean BDI scores were 7.41+/-6.96, 7.51+/-8.16, and 5.30+/-5.24 for Maras powder group, cigarette group and the control group respectively. The mean BDI scores were significantly higher in Maras powder (p=0.037) and cigarette groups (p=0.045) compared to control group. It was determined that the mean scores of BDI were similar between Maras powder and cigarette groups (p=0.994). Conclusion: Obtained findings showed that depression and anxiety scores of people consuming Maras powder and cigarette were significantly higher compared to those does not use tobacco products.
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    Dietary Fibers of Tree Nuts Differ in Composition and Distinctly Impact the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolic Outcomes In Vitro
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Sahin, Merve; Arioglu-Tuncil, Seda; Unver, Ahmet; Deemer, Dane; Lindemann, Stephen R.; Tuncil, Yunus E.
    This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectsof dietaryfibers (DFs) of commercially important tree nuts (almond, cashew,hazelnut, pistachio, and walnut) on gut microbiota in vitro. Microbial compositions and short-chain fatty acids were determinedusing 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatography (GC), respectively.Neutral and acidic monosaccharides were analyzed using GC/MS and spectrophotometry,respectively. Our results revealed that cashew fibers exhibit higherbutyrate formation compared to others. Accordingly, cashew fiber promotedbutyric acid-producing bacteria-related operational taxonomic units(OTUs; Butyricimonas and Collinsella) at higher relative abundances. The higher butyrogenic capacityof cashew fiber is mainly attributed to its higher soluble/total DFratio and remarkably distinct monosaccharide composition. Additionally,nut fibers stimulated family Lachnospiraceae- and Ruminococcaceae-related OTUs. These findings show that althoughthe degree of promotion is nut type-dependent, nut fibers are generallycapable of promoting beneficial microbes in the colon, further suggestingthat DFs of tree nuts are contributing factors to their health-promotingeffects.