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    Analysis of fusion of sphenooccipital synchondrosis using computed tomography in Turkish population
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Candan, Busra; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Emlik, Ganimet Dilek; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin
    Ossification centres in the adult skeleton are important markers for age estimation. Sphenooccipital synchondrosis (SOS) is of particular significance in forensic anthropology case work due to its late closure in adolescent age groups. The aim of this study is to evaluate the SOS fusion degree for age estimation of the Turkish population. In this study, images of 298 patients within the age of 5 to 25 years were retrospectively examined. The fusion degree of the SOS was assessed using a 5-stage system. Eight morphological measurements were taken from sagittal images and completely open types. We found that the upper end width of the synchondrosis was significantly lower than the lower end width of the synchondrosis. SOS fusion began at the superior border of the synchondrosis. Fusion starts 2 years earlier in females than in males, and the process of fusion completes at the age of 17 years in males and at the age of 19 years in females in this study. In conclusion, we consider that the differences in SOS fusion among studies are due to racial diversity and different methodologies and the SOS fusion stage is as a supportive evidence for age estimation in the presence of other clues.
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    An evaluation on the morphology of the nasal bone, piriform aperture, and choana on dry skulls
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Kabakci, Anil Didem; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Alpa, Serife; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul
    Introduction: Piriform aperture (PA) and nasal bone (NBs) are important structures that contribute to the formation of the nose. Both anatomic structures show differences based on ethnicity, gender, and age. Hence, it is widely used to determine sex in science branches such as anthropology and forensic medicine. Furthermore, morphometry of the PA and choana is an important criterion for physiological nasal respiration of individuals. Recognition of structural differences of PA, NB, and choana along with all this information becomes important during maxillofacial procedures to be performed especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery. The aim of the present study is to determine the individual differences in NBs, PA, and choana. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 83 Turkish dried skulls and PA, NBs, and choana was examined as morphometrically. PA was classified into seven types and NB was classified into eight subtypes. Results: The most common type of PA was found type 5 (20%-24.1%) and the least most common type of PA was type 7 (4%-4.8%). Type 1 was determined as the most common observed shape of the NB. The mean width of the choana on the right and left sides was found 13.21 +/- 1.4 and 13.98 +/- 1.81 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean height of the choana on the right and left sides was found 25.56 +/- 3.06 and 26.1 +/- 2.5 mm, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: We believe that obtained data from our study will constitute a morphometric data set and will be useful in a wide range of fields from forensic science to reconstructive surgery.
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    High digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with attack frequency and severity in hereditary angioedema patients
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Evcen, Recep; Colkesen, Fatih; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Aykan, Filiz Sadi; Kilinc, Mehmet; Ergun, Ummugulsum Yilmaz; Akkus, Fatma Arzu
    Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of the plasma protease C1inhibitor is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder. We explored a possible correlation between the ratio of the second and fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) and the frequency of HEA attacks, and whether the ratio might predict laryngeal attack. Method: We evaluated 35 HEA patients aged 19 to 66 years; 3 were subsequently excluded. The 2D:4D ratio was calculated by dividing the length of the second finger by that of the fourth finger of both hands. A structured clinical questionnaire exploring HAE course and treatment over the prior year was administered.Results: Of the 32 participants, 56.25 % (n = 18) were female. Of them, those with high 2D:4D ratios suffered significantly more laryngeal attacks than others; 93.3% of patients with high 2D:4D ratios experienced >= 5 attacks annually, significantly more than those with low ratios. Among type 2 HEA patients, 75 % of those experiencing >= 5 attacks annually had high 2D:4D ratios; all patients with low 2D:4D ratios reported <5 attacks annually. These significant effects were found for right-hand 2D:4D ratios and not left-hand 2D:4D ratios.Conclusion: The data suggest that intrauterine sex hormone exposure, which affects the 2D:4D ratio, is significantly associated with HEA attack frequency and severity, and laryngeal edema.
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    Internal Acoustic Opening: Different Osseous Landmarks and their Clinical Implications
    (Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2022) Saygin, Duygu Akin; Turkoglu, Fatma Nur; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Alpa, Serife
    Internal acoustic opening is a space that opens to facies posterior of the petrous piece of temporal bone that goes inside facial nerve, vestibulocochlear nerve, intermedial nevre and labyrinthine artery. The purpose of this study is the assessment of internal acoustic opening from a morphometric perspective, determination of the shape of the hole and determination of the distance to some important anatomic formations. This study is conducted on 166 temporal bones with unknown sex formation which arc part of the skull collection in NEU and KTO Karatay University, Anatomy Department. In this study, the vertical and diameter of internal acoustic meatus, its distance to the bottom and top sides of posterior surface of the petrous part, its distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus and its distance to apex were measured. Moreover, in this study internal acoustic opening spaces are categorized into six groups as round, oval, U-shaped, fissure, irregular and V shape. Digital caliper was used for internal acoustic meatus measurements. While the vertical horizontal diameters and distance to groove for superior sagittal sinus of internal acoustic opening on the right side are 4.12 mm, 6.83 mm and 19.64mm respectively, they are 4.56 mm, 7.10 mm and 21.06 mm on the left side respectively. We have observed in this study, 37.3 % of the internal acoustic opening as round, 34.3 % as oval, 6.6 % as U-shaped, 6.6 % as fissure, 12.7 % as irregular and 2.4 % as V-shaped. We believe that these measurements can provide guidance and help in surgical procedures
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    Investigation of bone biomechanics in rats with traumatic kidney injury
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Nalbant, Asrin; Saygin, Duygu Akin; Aydin, Arif; Aydin Kabakci, Anil Didem
    Objective: Mineral metabolism disorders are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increase the risk of fractures. It has been confirmed by animal models that these changes in bone also cause negative results in the mechanical properties of bone. Although there are many available methods for diagnosing metabolic bone disorders and estimating fracture risk, it has been suggested that biomechanical tests that provide information about bone's structural and material properties are most appropriate, particularly in small rodents with CKD. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of trauma-induced kidney damage on bone biomechanical properties. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used 16 adult Wistar Albino rats, 200-300 g, 4-5 months old. The animals were examined under two groups: kidney control (n = 9) and healty kidney control group and kidney damage group (n = 7). In the control group, the rats were fixed by laparotomy, and the kidneys were closed without suturing. However, the kidney damage group was approached by suturing. Results: When the bone biomechanical properties of the control and kidney-damaged groups were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the displacement at maximum load, duration, and young's modulus groups (P < 0.005). Conclusion: The study showed that the bone biomechanical properties of rats with trauma-induced kidney damage changed, and there was an increased fracture risk.
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    Typing and Morphometric Analysis of the Pterion on Human Skull of Central Anatolia
    (Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Saygin, Duygu Akin; Kabakci, Anil Didem Aydin; Alpa, Serife; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul
    Introduction: Pterion is seen in the norma lateralis of the skull and is shaped like the letter H. Pterional approach such as retro-orbital, sellar, sub-frontal, replate areas, anterior circulation, and olfactory meningiomas, tumors involving downstream of the frontal lobe such as the orbital, basilar artery aneurysm is a commonly preferred surgical approach. The present study focused on the typing of the pterion and morphometric measurements between the pterion and surrounding important anatomic spots. Material and Methods: The present study was performed with pterion typing of 107 skull (a total of 214 sides including the right and left sides) within Anatomy Laboratories of Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Faculty of Medicine, and KTO Karatay University, Medicine Faculty. Distance between the pterion and some important (mid-point of the superior edge of the zygomatic arch, the anterior and posterior edge of the frontozygomatic suture, the tip of the mastoid process, and anterosuperior edge of suprameatal spine and asterion) spots were measured through a digital caliper in millimeter. In addition to the classification made by Murphy, three different classifications were made. The pterion was classified into seven types. Results: The rates of the types were sphenoparietal type by 55.60%, epipteric type by 3.73%, stellate type by 2.33%, frontotemporal type by 0.4%, wormian type by 5.14%, frontoparietal type by 8.87%, and frontoparietal sphenoidtype by 23.83%. Discussion and Conclusion: Morphometric characteristics of the pterion were detected in detail by the present study. Moreover, the knowledge of typing would serve as an important guide for surgical planning and procedures and may contribute to further anthropological studies. This study is aimed at the Central Anatolia population and can be conducted among other populations.