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    Pseudoaneurysm originating from left ventricle aneurysm: An autopsy case and review of literature
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2013) Dogan, Kamil Hakan; Demirci, Serafettin; Tavli, Lema; Buken, Bora
    Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle is a catastrophic complication of acute myocardial infarction. Rarely, free wall rupture is contained by overlying adherent pericardium, producing a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. In this report, a case of a left ventricular pseudoaneurysm due to a previous myocardial infarction is described. A 55-year-old woman had a severe chest pain 11 months prior to death. No cardiac investigation was performed. Three days prior to death, she suffered from fatigue and weakness, and had a witnessed sudden cardiac death. At autopsy, a 8.5 x 10 x 8 cm pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle was found. There was severe coronary artery atherosclerosis. There were extensive adhesions between pericardium and pseudoaneurysm wall. The cause of death was attributed to heart failure and resulting arrhythmia. The case illustrates the rare event of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm first diagnosed at forensic autopsy. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.
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    Response to trastuzumab and investigation of expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinase-related proteins in primary breast cancer stem cells
    (Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2021) Koygun, Gozde Kayadibi; Kars, Meltem Demirel; Emsen, Ayca; Artac, Hasibe; Aksoy, Faruk; Cakir, Murat; Tavli, Lema
    Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. One of the reasons for the failure of BC treatment is reportedly the ineffectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs against breast cancer stem-like cells (BCSCs). HER2 receptors have an important role in the self-renewal of BCSCs. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cytokine levels were found to be higher in BCSCs, which demonstrates their potential metastatic capacity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the response of BCSCs to trastuzumab and to investigate the MMP levels in primary breast cancer cells and HER2(+) BCSCs. Tumour tissue samples were obtained during surgical intervention from ten breast cancer patients, and primary culture cells were established from these tissues. Four major molecular subgroups were sorted from the primary culture: HER2(+) BCSCs (CD44(+)CD24(-)HER2(+)), HER2(-) BCSCs (CD44(+)CD24(-)HER2(-)), HER2(-) primary culture cells (CD44(+)CD24(+)HER2(-)) and triple positive primary culture cells (CD44(+)CD24(+)HER2(+)). These cells were cultured and treated with trastuzumab, paclitaxel, carboplatin, and the combination of those three drugs for 96 h. Cellular responses to these drugs were determined by XTT cytotoxicity test. MMPs and cytokine array analysis showed that MMPs and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 proteins were expressed more in HER2(+) BCSCs than in primary culture. HER2(-) BCSCs were more resistant to drugs than HER2(+) BCSCs. Our findings suggest that the presence of HER2(-) BCSCs may be responsible for primary trastuzumab resistance in HER2(+) BC cell population. Further studies investigating the function of MMPs are needed for drug targeting of BCSCs.