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    Adapting the Digital Addiction Scale for Children to Turkish Culture: A Validity and Reliability Study
    (Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2023) Oztemel, Kemal; Tras, Zeliha
    Digital device addiction is described as the overuse or misuse of digital devices such as smartphone, tablets, laptops, desktops, or game consoles. The current study aims at adapting the Digital Addiction Scale for Children to Turkish culture and investigating its psychometric features. In line with the study purpose, we administered the scale to three different study groups aged between 9 and 14. We conducted confirmatory factor analysis to test the validity of the scale, and we investigated group comparisons (a high and low risk of addiction, gender, effect on a sleeping schedule, time spent on the Internet), criterion-related validity, and predictive validity. The first- and second-order confirmatory factor analyses results show that the scale is a valid measurement tool. Other results about validity also reveal that the scale is a valid tool. Furthermore, we conducted some analyses to test reliability and found out that both Cronbach's alpha coefficient and McDonald omega coefficient were 0.94, the correlation between the two halves was r =.86, and the Guttman split-half reliability coefficient was 0.92. The study findings show that Digital Addiction Scale for Children, which was adapted to Turkish, is a valid and reliable measurement tool to evaluate the digital devices addiction of children between the ages of 9 and 14.
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    Do Psychological Resilience and Emotional Intelligence Vary Among Stress Profiles in University Students? A Latent Profile Analysis
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) Kokcam, Buesra; Arslan, Coskun; Tras, Zeliha
    The coronavirus/COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant changes in the lifestyle of students. However, despite an extensive study of students' life stress using a non-comprehensive scale and variable-centered approach, it has been little studied with a comprehensive scale and person-centered approach. Using the Student-Life Stress Inventory-revised (SSI-R), we analyzed students' latent stress profiles and examined differences in psychological resilience and emotional intelligence by comparing stress profiles from a sample of 418 undergraduate and graduate students (aged 18-36) in various departments of eight universities in Turkey. We identified five distinct stress profiles, defined as an extremely low stress group (ELSG), a low stress group (LSG), a medium stress group (MSG), a high stress group (HSG), and an extremely high stress group (EHSG). We found that (1) MSG and HSG were similar in terms of emotional intelligence, resilience, and possession of high standards, and they reported higher levels of physiological, emotional, and behavioral reactions than ELSG and LSG; (2) MSG felt more pressure than HSG; (3) ELSG reported higher levels of emotional intelligence (wellbeing, self-control, and emotionality) than others. Also, EHSG reported lower levels of emotional intelligence (specifically self-control) than others; (4) whereas resilience was highly positively correlated to wellbeing, resilience and wellbeing were moderately negatively correlated to stress. Extremely low stress group and LSG reported higher levels of resilience than others. Medium stress group, HSG, and EHSG did not differ with regard to resilience and wellbeing. Our results suggest that, university students are able to maintain their functionality by coping up with stress in some ways, no matter how stressful they are. These findings are discussed in relation to the relevant literature.
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    Examination of the Predictor Role of Impulsiveness and Avoidance in Internet Addiction with Mixed Methods
    (Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2022) Baltaci, Umay Bilge; Tras, Zeliha
    The aim of this study was to examine the predictive role of impulsivity and avoidance in the internet addiction of university students using a mixed method. The explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed research methods, was used in the study. As data collection tools, the Internet Addiction Scale, Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short-Form, Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire-30, and Personal Information Form were used. The difference between the internet addiction levels of female and male students was not significant. Positive correlations were found between the Internet Addiction Scale and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale Short-Form sub-dimensions of being unable to plan, motor, attention, suppression of the meaq-30 scale sub-dimensions, disliking distress, and procrastination. A negative correlation was found between the Internet Addiction Scale and the sub-dimension of bothering. The independent variables significantly predicted internet addiction. Four themes were determined about the effects of internet addiction. Regarding the effects of experiential avoidance on internet addiction, two themes were found. When the findings in both the qualitative and quantitative stages of the study were considered together, it was concluded that impulsivity and experiential avoidance had an effect on internet addiction.
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    Examining the Relationships between Facebook Intensity, Fear of Missing Out, and Smartphone Addiction
    (Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2019) Tras, Zeliha; Oztemel, Kemal
    This study aims to investigate the relationship between Facebook intensity and both the fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. It was carried out with 608 (437 female, 171 male) participating university students who were asked to complete the Facebook Intensity Scale, the Fear of Missing out Scale, and the Smart Phone Addiction Scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of the correlation analyses indicated significant positive correlations between Facebook intensity and both fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. When categorical variables were taken into consideration, significant relationships were found between Facebook intensity and duration of Facebook use, age, and duration of internet use. Facebook intensity was significantly predicted by the duration Facebook use in the first block. In the second block, all variables explained 36% of the variance in the scores obtained from the Facebook Intensity Scale. In the second step, the most powerful predictor of Facebook intensity was duration of Facebook use, followed by the fear of missing out, and smartphone addiction. This study concluded that Facebook intensity could be predicted by the fear of missing out and smart phone addiction. It is suggested that this finding be taken into consideration for further research. Possible explanations of the findings and the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.
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    Examining the Relationships between Facebook Intensity, Fear of Missing Out, and Smartphone Addiction
    (Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2019) Tras, Zeliha; Oztemel, Kemal
    This study aims to investigate the relationship between Facebook intensity and both the fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. It was carried out with 608 (437 female, 171 male) participating university students who were asked to complete the Facebook Intensity Scale, the Fear of Missing out Scale, and the Smart Phone Addiction Scale. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of the correlation analyses indicated significant positive correlations between Facebook intensity and both fear of missing out and smartphone addiction. When categorical variables were taken into consideration, significant relationships were found between Facebook intensity and duration of Facebook use, age, and duration of internet use. Facebook intensity was significantly predicted by the duration Facebook use in the first block. In the second block, all variables explained 36% of the variance in the scores obtained from the Facebook Intensity Scale. In the second step, the most powerful predictor of Facebook intensity was duration of Facebook use, followed by the fear of missing out, and smartphone addiction. This study concluded that Facebook intensity could be predicted by the fear of missing out and smart phone addiction. It is suggested that this finding be taken into consideration for further research. Possible explanations of the findings and the implications and limitations of the study were discussed.