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    Determination of Consumer's Willingness to Pay for Halal Food
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2020) Madenci, Ayse Busra; Bayramoglu, Zeki; Turker, Selman; Agizan, Kemalettin; Eyiz, Vildan
    Halal food has been studied in recent years in terms of both food safety and food security. Especially halal food products health, hygiene, quality, eco-friendly and so on. Considering the criteria, it is seen as an opportunity for entrepreneurs in the food sector. The rise in the demand for halal food products in the world evaluation of these opportunities is important in terms of Turkey. Indeed, Turkey is an important country as the potential for halal food products, consumers should investigation of attitudes and behavior towards halal food. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to determine the willingness of consumers to pay for halal foods and for this purpose, 383 consumers were surveyed with a simple random sampling method in central districts of Konya. In the study, Willingness to Pay (WTP) method, which is one of the conditional evaluation methods, was used to determine the willingness of consumers to pay for halal foods. In this context, firstly, probit analysis was performed to determine the variables that best explain the willingness of consumers to pay. According to the probit analysis, it was found that willingness to pay for halal food products positively affected the gender, consumer age, marital status, consumer income, consumer occupation and education of the consumer. In addition, the marginal effects of variables used in the willingness to pay model for halal food for different payment options were calculated. According to the analysis, it was determined that the willingness to pay for marginal increases in the variables of the gender of the consumer, household width, consumer age, marital status, consumer monthly income, occupational status and consumer education. The level at which consumers are willing to pay for halal foods is WTP 10, a category where consumers can pay 100% or 2 times higher than normal price.
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    The effect of edible coatings on physical and chemical characteristics of fruit bars
    (Springer, 2020) Eyiz, Vildan; Tontul, Ismail; Turker, Selman
    Functional and textural properties of fruit bars are susceptible to environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and oxygen. This study aimed to prevent these changes by the edible coating of fruit bars using sodium alginate (SA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) during storage at two different temperatures. The color, textural properties, moisture content (12.44-17.14 g/100 g), total phenolic content (2200.4-3141.9 mg GAE/kg dm), radical scavenging activity (1118.8-1477.0 mg TEAA/kg dm) and ascorbic acid content (60.90-162.72 mg/kg dm) of the bars were determined. Edible coating using different biopolymers did not cause a significant effect on the chemical properties of bars. All tested coating materials limited moisture loss during storage compared to control samples. SA coated bars maintained their textural properties throughout the storage. All three coating materials prevented the loss of total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity during storage. On the other hand, coating with CMC caused some undesired alterations in colour and textural properties. Coating with WPI provided the best protection on ascorbic acid. According to obtained results in the study, coating with SA or WPI can be suggested for coating fruit bars.
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    Effect of variety, drying methods and drying temperature on physical and chemical properties of hawthorn leather
    (Springer, 2020) Eyiz, Vildan; Tontul, Ismail; Turker, Selman
    In this study, leather production was carried out using two different varieties of hawthorn (Crataegus orientalisvarorientalis). Drying was carried out by two different methods (convective drying and vacuum drying) at three different temperatures (50, 60 and 70 degrees C). Color properties, moisture content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and ascorbic acid content of the leathers were determined. The results showed that convective drying or drying at high temperature caused higher browning in the leather. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of leather produced from the orange variety were found to be higher than that of the yellow variety. Opposite results were observed in the ascorbic acid content. Vacuum drying only provided advantages in antioxidant activity of samples as compared to convective drying. Moreover, drying of the hawthorn leather at high temperature increased total phenolic content but less antioxidant activity and higher browning reaction. According to the data obtained in the study, it is recommended to use the orange variety, vacuum drying and 50 degrees C drying temperature in the production of leather.
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    Enriched Turkish noodles (Eriste) with stabilized wheat germ: Chemical, nutritional and cooking properties
    (Elsevier, 2021) Demir, M. Kursat; Bilgicli, Nermin; Turker, Selman; Demir, Berat
    In this study, different stabilization processes (autoclave, dry heating, microwave, infrared and ultraviolet-C) were applied to wheat germ, and its optimum usage ratio (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) in Turkish noodle (Eris & cedil;te) production was investigated. Some chemical and nutritional (protein, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD), total phenolic content (TPC), phytic acid, total dietary fiber (TDF), minerals and HCL-extractable minerals and tocopherol contents) attributes, color values and cooking properties of noodle were determined. IVPD values of noodle samples changed with stabilization methods. Protein, TPC, TDF and phytic acid content of noodle increased as the wheat germ ratio increased in the noodle formulation. The highest amount of TPC was obtained from the infrared and ultraviolet-C stabilization. The stabilization method and wheat germ ratio had a significant effect on mineral, HCl-extractable mineral, alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol contents and color values of the noodles. The highest alpha-, beta- and gamma-tocopherol contents in noodle samples were obtained with autoclave and ultraviolet-C stabilization methods and high wheat germ ratio. Cooking properties were only affected by the wheat germ ratio. As a result increasing stabilized wheat germ ratio improved the nutritional properties of noodle and the highest enrichment was obtained at 20% stabilized wheat germ ratio.
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    Optimization of green extraction of phytochemicals from red grape pomace by homogenizer assisted extraction
    (Springer, 2020) Eyiz, Vildan; Tontul, Ismail; Turker, Selman
    Grape pomace is a by-product that contains high amounts of phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. For the efficient extraction of these compounds, extraction optimization was done in the present study. Glycerol concentration, a cheap, non-toxic and abundant green solvent, and liquid-solid ratio were evaluated as the independent factor of the optimization and total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity, total monomeric anthocyanin content, total proanthocyanidin content and ascorbic acid content was analyzed as responses. The result showed that glycerol concentration significantly affected all responses and increasing the concentration resulted in higher extraction of the phytochemicals. Additionally, liquid-solid ratio affected total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content and ascorbic acid content of the extracts. Glycerol concentration of 50% (w/v) and liquid-solid ratio of 22.4 was determined to be optimum condition to maximize all responses. The optimum conditions were experimentally validated. Overall, the study showed that homogenizer assisted extraction using glycerol as a green solvent is a good method for extraction of phytochemicals from food processing by-products.
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    Use of durum wheat clear flour in vital gluten and bioethanol production
    (Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2018) Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Koyuncu, Mehmet; Turker, Selman; Irkli, Yavuz; Serin, Abdullah; Orhan, Fatma Gulsah
    During milling of durum wheat (Triticum durum) into semolina used for pasta processing, certain amount of clear flour (5-15%) with low economic value is obtained. This study aimed at determining the suitability of durum clear flours for vital gluten and bioethanol productions. The durum clear flours were wet-processed into vital gluten by three wet-milling methods, namely dough-washing, dough-water dispersion and flour-water dispersion. Vital glutens with acceptable purities (71.0-82.1% protein, Nx5.7, dm), yields (9.8-14.3%, dm) and recoveries (48.7-76.8%) were achieved by the dough-water and flour water dispersion methods. However, vital gluten by the dough-washing method could not be isolated satisfactorily. The dough mixing and breadmaking qualities of vital glutens from the clear flours were found comparable to the commercial vital gluten. The carbohydrate-rich remnants of the clear flours upon isolation of glutens were subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis and yeast fermentation, leading to ethanol yields and conversion efficiencies of 32.2-33.5% (g/g, based on clear flour solids) and 80.5 -87.6%, respectively. In conclusion, except for the dough-washing method, vital gluten and bioethanol with acceptable purities, yields, recoveries and qualities can be produced by the dough-water and flour water dispersion methods. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.