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    Mawlawi Sama Ritual from the Perspective of Sufi Symbolism
    (Aves, 2023) Guerer, Betuel; Ulupinar, Hamide
    Although it is mostly known for Mawlana and Mawlawiyya, Sama is a sufi tradition that has been practiced centuries before Rumi and even from the earliest times of the history of sufism. With the institutionalization of Mawlawi order, sama has reached a ritual form and gained an intense metaphorical meaning over time. As a matter of fact, each of the spiritual ways that aim to get closer to Allah as a good servant recommends that people train themselves by going through various stages. The sama ritual, on the other hand, expresses both the main goal and the process of this education with some actual and material symbols. The article deals with the symbolic meanings of the actual and material elements in the Mawlawi sama ritual. The aim of the study is to determine the background and origin of the meanings of the aforementioned symbols in the Turkish sufi tradition and thus to reveal the archeology of the symbols in sama in the light of sufi culture. It has been seen that the symbolic meanings of the sama are shaped by the influence of the traditional sufi culture and especially the Anatolian spiritual traditions, as well as the Mawlawi methods. In this context, the sources based on the study are the classical works of the history of sufism, the etiquette books and modern studies written by the Mawlawi sheiks who have shaped the sama throughout history.
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    Night Symbol in Mawl?n?'s Mathnaw?
    (Anadolu Ilahiyat Akademisi, 2023) Ulupinar, Hamide; Gurer, Betul
    Time has been among the most fundamental subjects in the history of thought with many aspects such as discovering its truth, making sense of it, and managing it. The night, which is the opposite of the daylight and tells about the dark period, has been given great importance by humanity as it covers half of a person's life and greatly affects the biological and spiritual dimensions of life. Although daytime is a time of light and busyness, it has been seen that night is mentioned more often in the Qur'an, and considered as the time period on which Allah has sworn and a verse of His existence. In the verses, the night is used in the real sense as time to rest, a revelation to the prophets, destruction, separation of wise works from oth-ers, time to hide, worship and walk/leave, and metaphorically in the meanings of dark-ness, heedlessness and cover. This study aims to determine the symbolic meanings of the concept of the night in Mawlana's Mathnawi and to reveal the place of the concept in Is-lamic tradition and Sufi culture. The night has not been the subject of academic studies to the extent necessary. It is seen that existing studies on the night focus on its meanings in the Qur'an, concepts and actions related to the night, the virtue of the blessed nights and its use in hadiths. In the studies on Mawlana, only the night in Mawlana's rubais has been discussed in terms of the method of sayr u suluk (journeying and initiation). Therefore, this study aims to fill the gap in determining the symbolic meanings of night, which is half the time, gained in Mawlana's Mathnawi and the place of these symbols in Islamic tradition. Mawlana mostly used the word night in the real sense in Mathnawi. Night expresses the negative time with the symbols of darkness/darkness of human nature, heedlessness, veil when describing the moment when there is no action, and the positive time with the symbols of taking the way / being on the road / meeting (vuslat) when describing the moment of action when man tries to open the door to the truth. These meanings/symbols and usage patterns that Mawlana attributed to the night in his Mathnawi have been enriched by being inspired by the usage and meaning in the Qur'an, and are explained through symbols such as deepening and traveling in the night / in the moment / in the concept.