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    The effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder comorbidity on cognitive functions and severity of addiction in opioid use disorder
    (Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Donmez, Zeliha; Gica, Sakir; Unubol, Basak; Iyisoy, M. Sinan; Gulec, Huseyin
    The aim of this study is to determine the changes in social cognition and other cognitive domains in ADHD comorbidity and to investigate the possible moderation role of these changes in OUD. A hundered inpatients with OUD were included in the study. Cognitive functions, severity of addiction and symptomatology of ADHD were evaluated. ASRS and API scores were in positive correlation and ASRS scores had a moderating effect on the relationship between craving score and emotion recognition. Our study shows that changes in social environment/cognition play an important role in the follow-up/treatment of patients.
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    Predictors of Relapse in the Early Stages of the Treatment Among Inpatients with Opioid Use Disorder: A SingleCenter, Prospective Cohort Study
    (Aves, 2020) Gica, Sakir; Donmez, Zeliha; Unubol, Basak; Iyisoy, M. Sinan; Gulec, Huseyin
    Background: Relapse rates in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) seem to be higher compared with relapse rates in other substance use disorders. In this regard, it is important to deal with the treatment process after discharge and to determine the factors affecting relapse in the early stages of the treatment of the disease. The present study aimed to investigate the factors that may be related to relapse in the first 3 months of treatment, such as sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, attention-deficit, and hyperactivity symptomatology and cognitive functions in detail. Methods: A total of 100 inpatients with OUD who consented to participate were included in the research. CANTAB Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), CANTAB Emotion Recognition Task (ERT), the CANTAB Cambridge Gambling Test (CGT), Addiction Profile Index (API), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), and Adult Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Reporting Scale (ASRS) were administered to the patients. After discharge, the patients were followed up by phone calls, polyclinic follow-ups, and urine analysis for 2 months. Relapse was evaluated both in the interview and the results of the urine analysis. Results: Two months after discharge, there were 16 (16%) patients who reported no substance use. The patients were divided into three groups; 1) those who could not complete hospitalization, 2) those who experienced a shift on the first day after discharge, and 3) those who experienced a shift after discharge or those in remission. When the sociodemographic data, substance use characteristics, API, ASRS scores, and cognitive functions of the three groups were compared, only the mean RVP the ability to determine target scores and RVP - total correct rejection scores in patients who were in remission or experienced relapse in the later stages of discharge were significantly higher than the mean score of patients who were discharged before completing the hospitalization protocol (p=0.011 and p=0.008, respectively). Age, education level, ASRS attention-deficit and impulsivity scores, recognition of happiness scores, and ability to determine to target scores had a significant effect on relapse. After the patients were divided into two groups according to the RVP median value, the abstinence probabilities of the patients were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Conclusions: Interrogating and treating patients with attention-deficit and hyperactivity disease and symptomatology, as well as interventions with new treatment methods (such as computerized cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation programs) for patients with sustained attention and social cognition impairment are needed to prevent relapse in the early stages of the treatment in patients with OUD.