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    Assessment of antimutagenic action of Celtis glabrata Steven ex Planch. (Cannabaceae) extracts against base pair exchange and frame shift mutations on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by Ames test
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Akin, Duygu; Durak, Yusuf; Uysal, Ahmet; Gunes, Erdogan; Aladag, Mustafa Onur
    Context: Celtis glabrata is used in Turkey for the treatment of various health disorders. Objective: The acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and methanol extracts of C. glabrata leaf, fruit, and seed were investigated to evaluate their antimutagenic activities. Material and methods: The antimutagenicity of these extracts was determined by Ames test against mutagens (4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, 2-aminofluorene (2-AF), and sodium azide (SA)). The extracts were used at concentrations between 5 and 0.005 mg/plate. Results: The ethanol extracts of leaves exhibited strong antimutagenicity (70%) against 2-AF with S9 at 5 mg/plate on TA98. But methanol (61%, 53%) and acetone (53%, 52%) also revealed strong inhibition rates at concentrations of >= 0.5 mg/plate. Among the extracts, the highest activity (96%) was obtained from acetone extract against SA without S9, followed by chloroform extract (91%) at a dose of 5 mg/plate on TA100 with S9. Ethanol (without S9) and chloroform (with S9) extracts showed strong antimutagenicity at all doses. Exception of chloroform and acetone (without S9), all fruit extracts (with/without S9) manifested strong antimutagenicity at doses of >= 0.5 mg/plate on TA98 strain. Ethanol extracts revealed 68% inhibition against 2-AF on TA98. Acetone and ethanol extracts manifested 84% and 82% inhibition against SA on TA100, respectively. All the extracts of seeds revealed strong inhibition against 2-AF at >= 0.5 mg/plate doses on TA98, but acetone extract showed excellent antimutagenicity (94%). Moreover, the chloroform (74, 73, 63, 54%), acetone (74, 72, 70, 65%) and methanol (74, 67, 63, 61%) extracts of seeds revealed strong antimutagenic activity on TA100 against SA with S9. Discussion and conclusion: This plant may be natural source of antimutagenic agents.
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    Halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria, Bacillus pumilus, modulates water status, chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and antioxidant balance in salt and/or arsenic-exposed wheat
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Ozfidan-Konakci, Ceyda; Arikan, Busra; Alp-Turgut, Fatma Nur; Balci, Melike; Uysal, Ahmet; Yildiztugay, Evren
    Seed priming is an effective and novel technique and the use of eco-friendly biological agents improves the physiological functioning in the vegetative stage of plants. This procedure ensures productivity and acquired stress resilience in plants against adverse conditions without contaminating the environment. Though the mechanisms of bio-priming-triggered alterations have been widely explained under induvial stress conditions, the interaction of combined stress conditions on the defense system and the functionality of photosynthetic apparatus in the vegetative stage after the inoculation to seeds has not been fully elucidated. After Bacillus pumilus inoculation to wheat seeds (Triticum aestivum), three-week-old plants were hydroponically exposed to the alone and combination of salt (100 mM NaCl) and 200 mu M sodium arsenate (Na2HAsO4 center dot 7H(2O), As) for 72 h. Salinity and As pollutant resulted in a decline in growth, water content, gas exchange parameters, fluorescence kinetics and performance of photosystem II (PSII). On the other hand, the seed inoculation against stress provided the alleviation of relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content (RWC) and chlorophyll fluorescence. Since there was no effective antioxidant capacity, As and/or salinity caused the induction of H2O(2) accumulation and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content (TBARS) in wheat. The inoculated seedlings had a high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) under stress. B. pumilis decreased the NaCl-induced toxic H2O2 levels by increasing peroxidase (POX) and enzymes/non-enzymes related to ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. In the presence of As exposure, the inoculated plants exhibited an induction in CAT activity. On the other hand, for H2O2 scavenging, the improvement in the AsA-GSH cycle was observed in bacterium priming plants plus the combined stress treatment. Since B. pumilus inoculation reduced H2O2 levels against all stress treatments, lipid peroxidation subsequently decreased in wheat leaves. The findings obtained from our study explained that the seed inoculation with B. pumilus provided an activation in the defense system and protection in growth, water status, and gas exchange regulation in wheat plants against the combination of salt and As.