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    Foreign investments and load capacity factor in BRICS: the moderating role of environmental policy stringency
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Yildirim, Metin; Destek, Mehmet Akif; Manga, Muege
    This research examines whether environmental regulations have a moderating effect on the link between foreign direct investment and the environment, as well as the effect of foreign capital investments on environmental quality for BRICS nations. In this approach, using second-generation panel data methodologies for the period 1992-2020, the impacts of foreign direct investments, real national income, consumption of renewable energy, and environmental stringency index on the load capacity factor are explored in the base empirical model. In order to test if there is any evidence of a potential parabolic link between economic growth and environmental quality, the model also includes the square of real national income. In addition, in the robustness model, the moderating role of environmental policy on foreign investment and environmental quality is checked. Empirical results show a U-shaped association between environmental quality and economic development. The usage of renewable energy and the environmental stringency index is also shown to improve environmental quality, although foreign direct investments decrease it. Finally, it is determined that environmental regulations are effective in undoing the negative impacts of foreign capital investments on environmental quality, demonstrating the validity of their moderating function.
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    UNEMPLOYMENT HYSTERESIS OF YOUNG WOMEN AND YOUNG MEN IN TURKEY
    (Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2023) Ucler, Yasemin Telli; Yildirim, Metin; Akcan, Ahmet Tayfur; Ak, Ozlem Karadag
    Today, employment is one of the most important issues of macroeconomics, which is closely related to all world economies. The first agenda item for employment is unemployment. According to its types, unemployment deeply affects developed or developing economies. Socialization of a society, increase in education level, technological progress and political structure are related to unemployment. In this research, the hysteresis effect of unemployment rates among young men and women in Turkey was studied by using monthly data between January 2014 and January 2022. Unemployment hysteresis, which Blanchard and Summers discussed for the first time in 1986, is the situation in which unemployment rates rise in the face of shocks in the country's economies such as crises, natural disasters, pandemics etc. and unemployment rates do not return to their original state after the shock is over. By applying the Phillips Perron unit root test, which takes into account structural breaks in the research, it has been concluded that unemployment rates for young women have more hysteresis than unemployment rates for young men. It is anticipated that this research will shed light on young women who want to participate in active working life in Turkey with the policies to be proposed.