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    Detailed chromosome measurements and karyotype asymmetry of some Vicia (Fabaceae) taxa from Turkey
    (Firenze Univ Press, 2018) Martin, Esra; Yildiz, Hatice Kubra; Kahraman, Ahmet; Binzat, Okan Kaan; Eroglu, Halil Erhan
    This study examined the detailed chromosome measurements and karyotype asymmetries of seven taxa in the genus Vicia. The taxa are V. articulata, V. cassubica, V. villosa subsp. villosa in sect. Cracca, V. noeana var. noeana, V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. peregrina in sect. Vicia and V. caesarea in sect. Ervum. V. cassubica, V. noeana var. noeana, V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. caesarea have 2n = 12 chromosomes. V. articulata, V. villosa subsp. villosa, V. peregrina have 2n = 14 chromosomes in somatic cells. Total chromosome lengths range between 2.93-4.99 mu m in V. articulata, 2.09-4.73 mu m in V. cassubica, 1.86-3.36 mu m in V. villosa subsp. villosa, 4.23-6.05 mu m in V. noeana var. noeana, 2.07-3.72 mu m in V. sativa subsp. sativa, 4.32-7.21 mu m in V. peregrina and 2.39-5.78 mu m in V. caesarea. The detailed chromosome measurements, relative lengths, centromeric indexes and karyotype asymmetries are also given. V. articulata is the most symmetrical karyotype, while V. villosa subsp. villosa is the most asymmetrical karyotype in intrachromosomal asymmetry including parameters of M-CA, AsK, TF, Syi, A1, and A. However, the asymmetrical karyotypes are different in interchromosomal asymmetries. While V. noeana var. noeana is the most symmetrical karyotype in CVCL, Rec, and A2. V. caesarea is the most asymmetrical karyotype in only CVCL and A2. Unlike all parameters, V. cassubica is the most asymmetrical karyotype in Rec value. The scatter diagrams are given between M-CA-CVCL and Syi-Rec.
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    Interaction of the microbiota with the human body in health and diseases
    (Bmfh Press, 2020) Altves, Safaa; Yildiz, Hatice Kubra; Vural, Hasibe Cingilli
    The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. Compared with the number of cells comprising the human body, that of the microbiota has been found to be much larger. The microbiome is defined as microorganisms and their genomes have been shown to contain about 100 times more genes than the human genome. The microbiota affects many vital functions in the human body. It contributes to regulation of the immune system, digestion of food, production of vitamins such as B12 and K, metabolization of xenobiotic materials, and many other tasks. Many factors affect the microbiota biodiversity, such as diet, medicines including antibiotics, relationships with the environment, pregnancy, and age. Studies have shown that the lack of microbiota diversity leads to many diseases like autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type I, rheumatism, muscular dystrophy, problems in blood coagulation due to lack of vitamin K, and disturbances in the transfer of nerve cells due to lack of vitamin B12, in addition to its involvement in a number of conditions such as cancer, memory disorders, depression, stress, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest studies discussing the relationship between the microbiota and the human body in health and diseases.
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    Interaction of the microbiota with the human body in health and diseases
    (Bmfh Press, 2020) Altves, Safaa; Yildiz, Hatice Kubra; Vural, Hasibe Cingilli
    The human body contains many microorganisms, including a large number of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which are referred to as the microbiota. Compared with the number of cells comprising the human body, that of the microbiota has been found to be much larger. The microbiome is defined as microorganisms and their genomes have been shown to contain about 100 times more genes than the human genome. The microbiota affects many vital functions in the human body. It contributes to regulation of the immune system, digestion of food, production of vitamins such as B12 and K, metabolization of xenobiotic materials, and many other tasks. Many factors affect the microbiota biodiversity, such as diet, medicines including antibiotics, relationships with the environment, pregnancy, and age. Studies have shown that the lack of microbiota diversity leads to many diseases like autoimmune diseases such as diabetes type I, rheumatism, muscular dystrophy, problems in blood coagulation due to lack of vitamin K, and disturbances in the transfer of nerve cells due to lack of vitamin B12, in addition to its involvement in a number of conditions such as cancer, memory disorders, depression, stress, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this review is to summarize the latest studies discussing the relationship between the microbiota and the human body in health and diseases.