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    Assessing the performance of BDS-3 for multi-GNSS static and kinematic PPP-AR
    (Elsevier, 2023) Öğütçü, Salih Sermet; Alçay, Salih; Özdemir, Behlül Numan; Li, Pan; Zhang, Yize; Konukseven, Ceren; Atiz, Ömer Faruk
    As of 2021, a total of four different GNSS constellations - namely, GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BDS-3 - can be used with Full Operational Capability (FOC). In this work, the contribution of BDS-3 FOC to GPS + GLONASS + Galileo (GRE) PPP-AR is inves-tigated, considering the three different cut-off angles (7 degrees, 30 degrees, and 45 degrees) and different lengths of static observation sessions (24-, 12-, 6-, 3-, 1-, 0.5-, 0.25-hour). The data of 31 IGS-MGEX stations is processed with GRE PPP-AR and GREC3 (GPS + GLONASS (using float mode) + Galileo + BDS-3) PPP-AR modes. The results showed that BDS-3 degraded the horizontal (except for 24-h sessions) and ver-tical accuracy of static GRE PPP-AR solutions regardless of the elevation cutoff angle and observation time. The kinematic results showed that BDS-3 significantly contributed to the accuracy of GRE kinematic PPP-AR for 30 degrees and 45 degrees cutoff angles. The convergence time analysis showed that BDS-3 only contributes to GRE kinematic PPP-AR for the vertical component.(c) 2022 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.