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Öğe A Comparative Analysis of Surface Areas and Ratio of the Cervical Spinal Cord and the Vertebral Canal at the Same Levels Via MRI on Healthy Individuals(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2014) Duman, Fatma; Ziylan, Taner; Kiresi, Demet; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Duman, TolgaThe determination of the normal values of the cross-sectional surface areas and ratios of the vertebral canal and the spinal cord on the healthy individuals is of great importance with regards to the fact that it provides convenience for the doctors to make correct pathological diagnosis because of the most suitable treatment. In this study, it has been aimed to determine the respective ratios between the vertebral canal and the spinal cord via measuring their cross-sectional surface areas at the C3-C6 vertebra levels. The study has been implemented on the Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) of the cervical vertebral column from healthy individuals at the Department of Radiology, Meram Faculty of Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University. The study has been applied to 67 (50 female-17 male) individuals whose ages varied between 14 and 59 and these individuals have been divided into two groups as below and over 40 years of age. During the cervical MRI examination, axial and sagittal images have been evaluated and measurements have been made on the non-pathological axial images. The vertebral canal and the spinal cord surface areas have been calculated in square millimeters at the C3-C6 levels. Also, we calculated the ratio between the spinal cord surface area and the vertebral canal surface area. The obtained data has been transferred on the computer and statistical analysis has been implemented via SPSS package program (for Windows, 15.0). The summary of the data has been stated as Mean +/- SD. It has also been compared with regard to sex and age groups (below and over 40 years of age) using the Student t-test. The relationship between parameters has been evaluated by means of Pearson correlation test. No significant discrepancy (P>0.05) has been determined between the male and the female subjects in terms of the vertebral canal and spinal cord surface area values. On the other hand, at the C4, C5 and C6 levels, a significant discrepancy (P<0.05) has been observed between male and female subjects in terms of the ratio of spinal cord surface to the vertebral canal surface, stating that the male have it larger than the female. A positive correlation (P<0.01) between the surface area and ratio data of both sexes has been determined. We believe that the results of this study will be useful for the fields of neurology, neurosurgery and physical therapy and rehabilitation, particularly in evaluating spinal atrophy.Öğe The origin and branching of medial calcaneal nerve in newborn foetuses(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Ulcay, Tufan; Uzun, Ahmet; Ziylan, TanerIntroduction: Entrapment of the medial heel region nerves is often mentioned as a possible cause of heel pain. Some authors have suggested that the medial calcaneal nerve (MCN) may be involved in such heel pain. The aim of the present study is to describe the variations of the origin of the medial calcaneal nerve and its branching patterns in the medial aspect of the calcaneus which establishes an anatomical guide for diagnosis and therapy of some tarsal region diseases. Material and methods: The formation and course of the MCN were traced to its branches in the distal ankle with the use of 4.8 X stereomicroscope (Carl-Zeis) or 28 X loop magnification for dissections of 36 newborn feet of formalin fixed cadavers. Results: The MCN originated from the tibial nerve (TN) in 61.1% and from the lateral plantar nerve (LPN) 16.7%, bilaterally. It branches from the TN on the right side and from the LPN on the left side in 11.1%, from the LPN on the right side and from the TN on the left side in 11.1%.The MCN consisted of 1 terminal branch in 3 out of 36 feet, 2 terminal branches in 28 out of 36, and 3 terminal branches in 5 out of 36. Discussion: The course and the origin of MCN on the medial aspect of the heel and its terminal branches were quite different. These variabilities will enable the surgeon to find and preserve the MCN and its terminal branches. Copyright (C) 2014, Anatomical Society of India. Published by Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Üst ekstremitede arteriyel ve muskuler varyasyonlar(2014) Uysal, İsmihan İlknur; Çiçekcibaşı, Aynur Emine; Yılmaz, Mehmet Tuğrul; Doğan, Nadire Ünver; Ziylan, TanerRutin öğrenci diseksiyonlarımızda, bir erkek kadavranın sol üst ekstremitesinde arteriyel ve müsküler varyasyonlar gözlendi. Arteria radialis'in yüzeyelde olduğu, arcus palmaris superficialis'in sadece a. ulnaris tarafından oluşturulduğu, m. palmaris longus'un yoklu- ğu ve m. extensor digiti miniminin üç adet tendona sahip olduğu tespit edildi. Varyasyonlar embriyolojik kökenli olduğundan aynı bölgede farklı yapılarda normalin dışında görünümler birliktelik gösterebilir. Bu yüzden anatomik ve klinik çalışmalarda bir varyasyon tespit edildiğinde aynı bölgede diğer yapılarda da farklılık gözlenebileceği akılda tutulmalıdır.