Evaluation of the 10 Warning Signs in Primary and Secondary Immunodeficient Patients

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dc.contributor.authorEldeniz, Fadime Ceyda
dc.contributor.authorGul, Yahya
dc.contributor.authorYorulmaz, Alaaddin
dc.contributor.authorGuner, Sukru Nail
dc.contributor.authorKeles, Sevgi
dc.contributor.authorReisli, Ismail
dc.date.accessioned2024-02-23T14:34:57Z
dc.date.available2024-02-23T14:34:57Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentNEÜen_US
dc.description.abstractObjectivesTen warning signs of primary immunodeficiency (PID) were suggested by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation (JMF), to increase physician awareness of PID. These warning signs have not yet been evaluated for patients with secondary immunodeficiency (SID). This study investigated whether the 10 warning signs used for the diagnosis of PID were also sufficient for the diagnosis of SID, and explored the possibility of additional signs. MethodsThis prospective study was conducted between June and December 2020. The mothers of 162 patients with PID and SID, and mothers of 200 healthy children, were asked to complete a questionnaire about family and personal history in addition to the warning signs of PID developed by the JMF. A JMF score was created by giving one point for each Yes answer for the 10 warning signs of PID. Medical records of the patients were evaluated for possible additional warning signs for PID and SID. ResultsThe JMF scores of the PID (3.36 +/- 1.65) and SID (3.72 +/- 1.12) groups were significantly higher than the scores of the control group (0.34 +/- 0.61) (p < 0.05). A sign for immunological evaluation in two patients without warning signs in the PID group was found to be chronic diarrhea. In addition to the 10 JMF warning signs, we found that consanguinity and a family history of tuberculosis were statistically significant in our PID group, compared with the SID and control groups. ConclusionsThe JMF warning signs are important for early diagnosis of PID. Our study showed that these signs may also be used for the early diagnosis of SID in patients and, according to our results, in addition to the 10 JMF signs for PID, parental consanguinity, chronic diarrhea, and a family history of tuberculosis may also be considered warning signs for the early diagnosis of PID.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fimmu.2022.900055
dc.identifier.issn1664-3224
dc.identifier.pmid35634313en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85131221255en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.900055
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12452/15826
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000802990600001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherFrontiers Media Saen_US
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers In Immunologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectPrimary Immunodeficiencyen_US
dc.subjectSecondary Immunodeficiencyen_US
dc.subjectCombined Immunodeficiencyen_US
dc.subject10 Warning Signsen_US
dc.subjectChildhooden_US
dc.titleEvaluation of the 10 Warning Signs in Primary and Secondary Immunodeficient Patientsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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